P H A R M A C EU TIC A L S O LU TIO N S PA R T I Pharmaceutical Technology II PHAR 2332 LEARN IN G O BJECTIVES At the end of the lecture‚ the students should be able to; 1. Define pharmaceutical solutions. 2. Discuss the advantages & drawbacks of pharmaceutical solutions as dosage form. 3. Explain the formulation components in pharmaceutical solutions. 4. Describe types of pharmaceutical solutions. Solutions are: Dosage forms prepared by dissolving the active ingredient(s) in an aqueous or
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TUTORIAL 1: STK1503 BENZENE AND AROMATIC 1. Draw structures corresponding to the names given. a. m-fluoronitrobenzene b. p o-chlorophenol c. o-chlorophenol d. 3‚5-dimethylbenzoic acid e. 1-phenyl-3-methylpentane 2. Provide correct IUPAC names for each of the following compounds. a. NO2 CH3 b. c. CH3 d. NH2 H2N CH3 e. Ph C H3 C C CH2CH2CH3 Ph 3. For each molecule below‚ predict whether the molecule would be expected to show aromatic character or not. Explain your answer
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should have also shown decreases in average temp from 3 mL to 1 mL but there was no change in temperature. Hence it was also observed through table 2 that there is an average increase of the temp of the 2 methyl butane by 8.34 C but from table 3‚ it can be seen that there is a decrease in 2 methyl butane by 7.66 degrees Celsius‚ which was rather unexpected. However‚ these results could be looked upon from a different perspective‚ the side from which the results that were obtained in the 1mL experiment
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pH MEASUREMENT AND BUFFER PREPARATION ! ! 2A—Pharmacy‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas Canare‚ Ann Shery; Caraos‚ Aeraille Diane; Carillo‚ Pauline Mari; Carreon‚ Leslie Ann; Co‚ Alexandra Kay !! !! ABSTRACT. The regulation of internal pH is a physiological function of major importance for all organisms. The quantity pH is intended to be a measure of the activity of hydrogen ions in solution. Buffers‚ on the other hand‚ are solutions containing a substantial concentration of both
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metabolic pathway of cocaine administrated. Cocaine is largely metabolized into two major metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and two minor metabolites norcocaine (NCOC) and m- and p-hydroxycocaine (OH-COC) (Goldstein et al.‚ 2009). Benzoylecgonine is primarily produce in the liver by human carbozylerstrase type 1‚ ecgonine methyl ester is formed in the liver by human carboylestrase type 2 and by pseudocholinestrase known as butyrlcholineetrase (Zhang & Foltz‚ 1990)
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| | 500 | 0.111 | | | 520 | 0.154 | | | 540 | 0.301 | | | 560 | 0.451 | | | 580 | 0.728 | | | 600 | 0.976 | | | 620 | 0.347 | | | 640 | 0.066 | | | 660 | 0.011 | | | 680 | 0.002 | | | 700 | 0 | | | Methyl orange | | Further
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are still developing. The major toxicity of mercury is manifested in the central nervous system. Forty years ago‚ when women at Minamata Bay‚ Japan‚ ate fish contaminated with methyl -mercury from pollutants‚ their children were exposed to high levels in utero and were born with developmental and neurologic disorders. Methyl -mercury poisoning also occurred in Iraq following consumption of seed grain that had been treated with a fungicide containing
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Objective The objective of this experiment is to perform a steam distillation using a microscale distillation apparatus and isolate a natural product from cloves. Introduction By performing steam distillation we can isolate eugenol at lower temperature than its usual boiling point of 248 degree Celsius. Eugenol belongs to a category called essential oil. Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived
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A. For acids * Place 2ml each of dilute acetic acid‚ hydrochloric acid‚ sulfuric acid‚ carbonated drink (colorless) and calamansi juice extract in separate test tubes. Test every solutions with blue and red litmus paper. Then add a drop of methyl orange indicator to each solutions. Record the data then wash and clean the test tube * Place another 2ml of the same acids in separate test tube. Test with a drop of phenolphthalein indicator. Then repeat the test with one drop of
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derivative methyl formate results‚ according to the chemical equation:[4] CH3OH + CO → HCO2CH3 In industry‚ this reaction is performed in the liquid phase at elevated pressure. Typical reaction conditions are 80 °C and 40 atm. The most widely-used base is sodium methoxide. Hydrolysis of the methyl formate produces formic acid: HCO2CH3 + H2O → HCO2H + CH3OH Efficient hydrolysis of methyl formate requires a large excess of water. Some routes proceed indirectly by first treating the methyl formate
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