20711 Lab Experiment: Nitration of Bromobenzene Introduction: The chemical reaction of nitration consists of a nitro group being added to or substituted in a molecule. Nitration can basically be carried out by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid; this mixture is useful to obtain the active nitronium ion. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a method used when a functional group is needed to be substituted on to an aromatic compound. In the nitration‚ nitronium ion acts as the
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nitronium ion by protonation of nitric acid from sulfuric acid. The zirconium ion is a strong electrophile and can react with aromatic compound such as Methyl benzoate to form an arenium ion intermediate. The arenium ion is then depronated to reform the aromatic ring and yield the final product with the newly attached nitro group. Reaction:  Table of Physical Contents:  Procedure: Obtain an ice bath. 12 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was gathered‚ cooled to 0 degrees
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concentration. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to design a procedure to analyze the amount of copper in brass using visible spectroscopy. Pre-lab 1 – 3 Safety Concentrated Nitric acid is severely corrosive Reactions of Nitric acid with metals generate nitrogen dioxide‚ a toxic‚ reddish-brown gas. Work with Nitric acid in the fume hood Copper(II) Sulfate‚ Copper(II) Nitrate‚ and Zinc Nitrate solutions are toxic and irritating to body tissue Zinc Sulfate is a mild body tissue irritant Wear
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stages of the cycle‚ copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid‚ and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid‚ the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed with the reaction where
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substitution‚ in which the bulk of the acetamido group has no influence. The ortho substitution product is formed in small quantities in this reaction. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS Concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids‚ in combination‚ form a very hazardous and corrosive mixture. These acids should be poured together carefully‚ and this procedure should be carried out in a hood‚ since noxious vapors are produced. You will begin with the sample of acetanilide you isolated and purified in the first
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Designation: D2972 – 08 Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or‚ in the case of revision‚ the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods2 cover the photometric and atomic
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identify an unknown amino acid. IntroductionAmino acids are simple monomers which are strung together to form proteins. Amino acids play a key cellular role in structure and function. Proteins themselves participate in nearly every physiological event in the cell. Since all amino acids contain at least one amino and one carboxyl group‚ they are classified as amphoteric substances (meaning that they can act as either an acid or as a base) (1). Treating the zwitterion with acid will result an addition
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also used in gum inhibitors‚ poultry medicines and as a corrosion inhibitor. [2] Nitration is a type of chemical reaction which a nitro group is added to or substituted in a molecule. It can be carried out by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Mixture is useful to obtain the active nitronium ion. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a method used when a functional group is needed to be substituted on to an aromatic compound. In the nitration‚ nitronium ion acts as the electrophile
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dissolved in sulfuric acid and is then reacted with nitric acid. This is a highly exothermic reaction and is kept under control by means of cooling; after which the mixture is poured onto ice. The solid product will then be isolated by filtration and recrystallized from methanol‚ in which it is very soluable. A.) Materials: 1) .6mL of concentrated sulfuric acid 2) .30g of methyl benzoate 3) Mixture of .2mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and .2 mL of concentrated nitric acid 4) Ice 5) .2 mL
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Acid-Base Titration Using a pH Meter Bradley Holloway and Jennifer Parker Period 6 April 16‚ 2013 Introduction: In chemistry‚ the ability to find molarities of acidic and basic solutions is a convenient way to convert between moles of solute and the volumes of their solutions. Through the process of titration‚ the molarity of these acids and bases can be found to a high level of precision. To begin titration‚ one solution is added to a second solution slowly until a certain point
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