reaction of EAS: The Nitration of Toluene exhibits how the attack of a nitronium ion would give out major and minor products at different positions of toluene. This is an electrophilic substitution mechanism. Mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid will produce a nitronium ion‚ which will attack ortho-‚ meta- and para- positions at Toluene. (Mechanism at appendix). Introduction/Procedure Toluene is cooled down to almost 0’C because the overall reaction is quite exothermic. High temperatures
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CHAPTER I AIR POLLUTANTS: SOURCES AND CONTROL OF GASES Introduction: 1. According to the World Bank‚ in 2007 air pollution cost about 3.8% of China’s 2. gross domestic product‚ mainly from diseases and loss of lives. 3. World Health Organization estimates that in India alone about 500‚000 premature deaths are caused each year by indoor air pollution. 4. Serious respiratory disease-related problems have been identified for both indoor and outdoor pollution in major cities of several countries. 5.
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five reactions. At different stages of the cycle‚ copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid‚ and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid‚ the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed
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cut into thin strips. It had a shiny/metallic and opaque look‚ with an orange colour. HNO3 description: The nitric acid solution was a transparent‚ colourless‚ homogenous liquid. Notes and observations on the reaction: Final: Blue solution- homogenous‚ transparent‚ low viscosity‚ liquid gas generated‚ heat is released‚ liquid changes colour- releases nitric oxide‚ copper ionised- dissolved in liquid‚ exothermic reaction- generation of heat to the external environment‚ no energy
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WRITE YOUR NAME HERE:________________________________________________________ CHM 2046 (Gower sections) Exam 2 (Form Code A) Fall 2014 Instructions: On your scantron sheet enter and bubble in your name‚ UF ID number‚ and Form Code. Check your bubbling carefully – bubbling errors will not be negotiated. Turn in your scantron and retain your exam (with your answers circled). Potentially useful info : Kw = 1 x 10‒14 at 25°C pH = −log [H3O+] pH = pKa + log ([base] / [acid]) R =
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Discovering the Mystery of Eleven Test Tubes Karen Radakovich Ph.D. Mohammad Farhad Brittany Cina CH 223‚ Spring 08 Abstract: Eleven mystery test tubes labeled from K-1 to K-11 contained: 6M H2SO4‚ 6M NH3‚ 6M HCl‚ 6M NaOH‚ 1M NaCl‚ 1M Fe(NO3)3‚ 1M NiSO4‚ 1M AgNO3‚ 1M KSCN‚ 1M Ba(NO3)2‚ 1M Cu(NO3)2 respectively. The contents of the test tubes were determined by chemical experiments. Solution K-1 contained NiSO4 because when solution K-9‚ ammonia which was identified by its pungent odor
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throughout the zeolite. The metal used will be a specifically a water soluble metal cyanide complex where in this case it is iron. The catalyst is being used in various industries and the two main industries that use it will be the removal of nitrogen oxides in industrial exhaust gas and for the catalytic cracking of heavy oil. Finally this catalyst is being characterized using three methods which are the infrared spectra‚ X-ray diffraction as well as the TGA and DTA methods. 2.0 Introduction
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The primary objective in the lab is to determine the molecular formula of Copper Oxide through synthesis of copper oxide. In the first procedure‚ an empty crucible‚ Bunsen Burner‚ and electronic scale were placed onto the workbench. The electronic scale was zeroed before the crucible was placed on it. The total mass of the empty crucible was 88.000g. Afterwards‚ 10 grams of copper powder was placed into the crucible and weighed to be 98.000 g. The crucible with the copper was placed onto the Bunsen
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Victoria MacDonald SCH3U Zegil Due May 5th‚ 2017 Magnesium Oxide Lab Purpose: To determine the composition by mass of magnesium oxide‚ the percentage composition‚ and the percentage yield. Hypothesis: The law of definite proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same amount of proportions of elements by mass. Based on the law of definite proportions‚ the percentage composition of magnesium oxide should be 60.3% magnesium and 39.7% oxygen. Prediction: Based on the law of
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The experiment was done twice in trial 1 and 2. First‚ in the first trial‚ the crucible with lid was measured on a balance and the mass of them was recorded in grams which is m of clean crucible = 22.89g . This was followed by weighing the crucible with 0.3 g of Magnesium on a balance. The total mass of mg with the crucible was recorded which was m total mass mg + Crucible = 23.19g. Then the magnesium was heated using a Bunsen burner‚ and we put the crucible with Mg on a clay triangle using tongs
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