Organizational Legitimacy under Conditions of Complexity: The Case of the Multinational Enterprise Author(s): Tatiana Kostova and Srilata Zaheer Reviewed work(s): Source: The Academy of Management Review‚ Vol. 24‚ No. 1 (Jan.‚ 1999)‚ pp. 64-81 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/259037 . Accessed: 07/05/2012 03:36 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms
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2008). Economics can be further divided to include positive economics and normative economics. Positive economics is the study of what is‚ and how the economy works and normative economics is the study of what the goals of the economy should be. Simply put positive economics looks at how things such as current gas prices directly affect individual buying power and how that buying power affect the economy as a whole. Normative economics looks as how the economy would be affected if certain practices
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be defined as a general rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign political authority. All other rules of guidance of human action are called laws merely by analogy which Holland calls as “laws so-called.” Law may be described as a normative science‚ that is‚ a science which lays down norms and standards for human behavior in a specified situation or situation enforceable through the
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gain the viewer’s approval. The person most proficient in this act is the ultimate winner. This reflects the individual’s choices in life‚ which according to Bauman are ultimately based on our dependency upon ‘normative reference groups’ and ‘comparative reference groups’. ‘Normative reference groups’ are people close to the individual whose opinion really matter‚ and who the individual is afraid of hurting or disappointing such as family‚ friends‚ teachers and the community. The individual is
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Media Development Theory Media theory refers to the complex of social-political-philosophical principles which organize ideas about the relationship between media and society. Within this is a type of theory called `normative theory’‚ which is concerned with what the media ought to be doing in society rather than what they actually do. In general‚ the dominant ideas about the obligations of mass media will be consistent with other values and arrangements in a given society. Conceptualizing Media
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co-operative and competitive interests Instrumental Firm assumed to have conventional objectives‚ such as maximization of shareholder value. Recognition that other stakeholders are instrumental (a means to an end) in pursuit of those objectives Normative Stakeholders are identified by their interests in the firm. The interests of all (some) stakeholders are of intrinsic value The firm
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from the United States Marine Corps‚ as veteran with fourteen medals and a Meritorious Mast‚ for my exemplary efforts. I remember my father crying‚ as he saw my accomplishments and remember him informing me that he now considered me a man. This non-normative event was significant to my development because it was the first time I had really impress my father‚ which was no easy task. This impacted me psychologically because it was the first time that I ever felt truly accepted as well as respected by father
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three types of reference group influence – informational‚ normative‚ and identification. Assuming Bianca is a representative for the group consisting of successful‚ urban‚ professional African American women‚ which type(s) of group influence do you see operating in this campaign? Informational influence is a potential since a member of the target group is implicitly saying‚ “You are like me and I like this car‚ so you will too”. Normative influence is not really being utilized in this campaign
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resources‚ so on and so forth. They do know that whatever rules that they create within this “meeting” they will be binding once they enter the real world. Both Rawls and Brock have a normative style view in which they look at what is happening versus what should be happening in the global order. In Brock’s normative thought experiment she calls upon delegates from countries all over the world. In essence this “gathering” is like a global conference. Within the global conference Brock does not assume
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I believe that it is at the congregational‚ grassroots level where individuals truly explore their shared moral responsibilities and the interdependence that exists with others; it is also at the congregational level where dialogue is imperative to help the community discern how it is called to live into discipleship of Christ – particularly love of neighbor. I believe that the congregation is a rich community of relationships. As such‚ its members are called to be in conversation with one another
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