INTRODUCTION Chemical reactions are regularly categorized into 3 types: oxidation-reduction (redox reaction)‚ precipitation (double displacement) and acid-base reaction (double displacement) Type 1: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation-reduction processes include the movements of electrons form oxidants to reductants‚ which lead to increases in oxidation number for oxidised species and decreases in oxidation number in reducing species. A. Synthesis Reactions: 2 (or more) substances react
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Oxidation of a Secondary Alcohol Using Hypochlorite October 8‚ 2013 Jennifer Karigan CHEM 2081-004 Jonathon Musila Introduction The purpose of the experiment was to oxidize and identify an unknown alcohol using hypochlorite‚ or household bleach. During the experiment‚ the bleach oxidized the secondary unknown alcohol into a liquid ketone which was distilled or boiled to find the boiling point and then identified using a chart of unknown identities
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Oxidation-Reduction Activity Series Peter Jeschofnig‚ Ph.D. Version 42-0186-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that
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potential‚ the sodium potassium pump is turned off. When a stimulus is applied to a neurone‚ the resting potential is (-70mV) is reversed – this is the action potential (depolarisation). The energy of the stimulus causes the intrinsic sodium voltage-gated channels to open‚ allowing sodium ions to diffuse into the axon along their electrochemical gradient. Entry of these Na+ ions causes the inside of the axon to be less negative. As threshold is reached‚ there is a greater influx of sodium ions and the
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4.1 & 4.2: General properties of aqueous solutions and Precipitation Reactions: 1. (Brown 4.11) When asked what causes electrolyte solutions to conduct electricity‚ a student responds that it is due to the movement of electrons through the solution. Is the student correct? If not‚ what is the correct response? 2. (Brown 4.15) Specify what ions are present in solution upon dissolving each of the following in water: a. ZnCl2 c. (NH4)2SO4 b. HNO3 d. Ca(OH)2 3. (Brown 4.16 ) Specify
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Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron‚ setting of milk into curd‚ digestion of food‚ respiration‚ etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance‚ so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Following are the signs of chemical reaction: (a) Change of state of substance
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Electrophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 17) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 18) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 19) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 20) - Radical reactions Amino acids Oxidation and Reduction Uses of compounds with different functional groups Structure determination (Unit 1) Structure determination (Unit 2) Structure determination (Unit 3) Structure determination (Unit 4) Organic synthesis Organic Laboratory Technique (Unit
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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кислород и еден атом од друг хемиски елемент во својата формула. An oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygenatom and one other element[1] in its chemical formula. Metal oxides typically contain an anion of oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth’s crustconsists of solid oxides‚ the result of elements being oxidized by the oxygen in air or in water. Hydrocarbon combustion affords the two principal carbon oxides:carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Even materials
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Charles Darwin; the creator and innovator of the theory of evolution deemed the application of human skills of creating of fire the second powerful accomplishment of humankind (Falk‚2012). During the Ice Age‚ Hominidae first learned of natural fires caused by lightnings and used it to their advantage. Our ancestors capability to start a fire help them survived in the extreme weather during the Ice Age (Ancient History‚2010). The Earth’s temperature during the Ice Age was about -11.1 degrees Celsius
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