Analysis of a Commercial Bleach Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the amount of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in commercial bleach. This can be done by forming triiodide ions. To make the measurement more accurate‚ starch was added to help determine the endpoint of the solution. The significance of this lab is that industry can use these techniques to determine the amount of NaClO in the bleach of the rival industry and improve it. Hypothesis: The hypothesis is that‚ an accurate
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Lab Experiment 8: Oxidation Puzzle Post Lab Report for 2-ethyl-1‚3-hexandiol Calculations Theoretical yield: 1.857g Product Yield: 1.055g ----> Percent yield = (1.055g/1.87g) x 100% = 56.41% Starting amount of diol: 1.184g ----> Percent Yield = (1.184g/1.87g) x 100% = 63.32% Spectroscopy O-H (Stretch‚ H-bonded) C-H (Stretch) C-H (2720-2820 cm-1) Carbonyl C-O (Stretch) Product wavelength cm-1 3422 Strong‚ Broad 2877‚2936‚2964 Strong‚ Medium None Present 1705 Strong
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Avogadro’s Number and Molar Mass Handout Key 1. What is the coefficient for oxygen when the following equation is balanced using the lowest‚ whole numbered coefficients? ____ C3H8O(g) + ____ O2 (g) ____ CO2 (g) + ____ H2O(g) a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9 2. What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the lowest‚ whole numbered coefficients? _____ PH3 (g) + _____ O2 (g) _____ P4O10 (s) + _____ H2O(g) a) 10 b) 12 c) 19 d) 22 3. What is the sum of the coefficients when
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Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for Students Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Chemistry examination. It will help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you to revise by using tick boxes in Section 3‚ ‘What you need to know’‚ to check
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Guide Questions Experiment 1 Calibration of the calorimeter: 1. Give the net ionic thermochemical equation of the reaction used to calibrate the calorimeter. a. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? b. Which is the limiting reactant? c. How much (in moles) limiting reactant was used? d. How much heat was generated (or absorbed) by the reaction? 2. Relate the sign of the ΔT to the ΔH of the reaction used for calibration. 3. What is the heat capacity of the calorimeter? Relate
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carbonyl- containing samples were given to the group for examination. The samples were analyzed through different tests namely the involvement of the solubility of alcohols in water‚ the Lucas Test‚ the Chromic Acid Test or also known as Jones Oxidation‚ the 2‚4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone (2‚4-DNP) Test‚ the Fehling’s Test‚ the Tollens’ Silver Mirror Test‚ and the Iodoform Test. The solubility of alcohols in water test showed that the sample‚ benzyl alcohol was immiscible while ethanol was the most
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Green gas | Dark red volatile liquid | Shiny black solid – sublimes to purple gas | Halide | Colour precipitate with silver nitrate | KCl | White | KBr | Cream | KI | Pale Yellow | Redox reactions ‘Reduction is gain of electrons‚ oxidation is loss of electrons’ Examples; Overall reaction = 2KBr + Cl₂ 2KCl + Br₂ Halogens get more reactive going up the group‚ and in redox reactions the less reactive element
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2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq) Dehydrating Agent: Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol ethylene + water C2H5OH (l) C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) Dehydration of sucrose: sucrose carbon + water C12H22O11 (s) 12C (s) + 11H2O (l) Oxidising Agent: The oxidation of copper into copper ions: FULL: Oxidation: Reduction: Cu (s) + 2H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e− H2SO4 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + 2e− SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) H2SO4 (l) + H2O (l) HSO4− (aq) + H3O (aq) ΔH = -90 kJ/mol Sulfuric Acid IONISATION: Step
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a positive charge. Oxidation number: number of electrons an atom gains‚ loses‚ or shares when it forms a chemical bond. -remember this pattern: +1‚ +2‚ +3‚ +/-4‚ -3‚ -2‚ -1‚ 0 -example: -sodium (Na): -valence electrons = 1 -oxidation number = +1 -resulting ion = Na+1 Rule of oxidation numbers: the sum of all the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule must equal zero‚ indications that the molecule is neutral. SHORTCUT: flip the oxidation numbers to get the final
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number of drops of sodium hypochlorite necessary to make a diluted food dye change to colorless in less than three minutes helps calculate the absorbance which can then be analyzed to find the pseudo rate constant and eventually leading to the rate constant and the rate law. The results show that the m and n are both 1st order which makes the overall order of the blue dye 2nd order. Results: In this experiment‚ rate laws and graphs help calculate the oxidation of food dyes by sodium hypochlorite. During
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