CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism
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could be living in one’s cheek cells. However‚ some probably factors for why the strawberry DNA and the human epithelial DNA were so similar is because both DNAs were extracted using the same methods. For instance‚ in both experiments detergent and ethanol were used to separate the DNA from the nucleus and proteins inside the cells. Thus‚ although there are many differences and similarities between the strawberry and human epithelial DNA‚ in the end they both had the characteristic of being standlike
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SUGAR INDUSTRY 3 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS (KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS) 4 PEST ANALYSIS OF SUGAR INDUSTRY IN INDIA 4 PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS 8 FACTORS LEADING TO INCREASE IN DEMAND OF SUGAR IN INDIA 12 GLOBAL SUGAR OVERVIEW 12 BY-PRODUCTS 13 FACTORS LEADING TO INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS 14 BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 SUGAR INDUSTRY OF INDIA Introduction Sugar is extracted from two raw materials beet root and sugarcane ‚ both produce identical
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ABSTRACT This study proposes that mechanical pretreatment of the algae Ulva reticulata will increase the percentage of ethanol produced. Two batches of sample will be prepared. The first will serve as a control. The second will be subjected to maceration. The two batches will undergo dilute acid hydrolysis. The sugar released will then be fermented to produce ethanol. The ethanol yield of the two batches will then be compared. The result of the comparison will justify the effect of mechanical pretreatment
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A TECHNICAL REPORT ON PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS & SOLAR WATER HEATING USING PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS INDEX 1. Introduction 2. Types of Phase Change Materials 3. Selection criteria 4. Principle of solar water heater with phase change materials 5. Heat transfer analysis between water and PCM’s 6. Results 7. Conclusion CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS: The materials which undergo either boiling or condensing by absorbing heat from a medium or liberating
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of skin contact (irritant) Ammonium Bromide (NH4Br) 97.94 452 Soluble in water Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant)‚ of ingestion‚ of inhalation. 1-Butanol (C4H10O) 74.12 -89.8 Soluble in water. Very soluble in acetone‚ miscible with ethanol‚ ethyl ether Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant‚ permeator)‚ of eye contact (irritant)‚ of ingestion‚ of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) 84.93 -96.7 Soluble in water
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IGCSE PRE-AICE CHEMISTRY 0620 OFFICIAL STUDY GUIDE Notes: To avoid any confusion concerning the symbol for litre‚ dm3 will be used in place of l or litre.Valence electrons are known as valency electrons for this test. Nature of Matter The states of matter are solid‚ liquid‚ and gas‚ in respective order of kinetic energy. State of Matter | Definite Volume | Definite Shape | Solid | Yes | Yes | Liquid | Yes | No | Gas | No | No | Diffusion:
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Name____________________ Comparing Rates of Evaporation Several factors determine how fast a sample of liquid will evaporate. The volume of the sample is a key factor. A drop of water takes less time to evaporate than a liter of water. The amount of energy supplied to the sample is another factor. In this lab‚ you will investigate how the type of liquid and temperature affect the rate of evaporation. Problem: How do intermolecular forces affect the evaporation rates of liquids? Pre-Lab:
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Figure 3: Incorrect Ethanol Well Assay Results This solution is still green because our group did not do it correctly. Thus different measures were used. Table 3: Ethanol Well Plate Assay Results from Figure 4 Sample Concentration (M) A 2.4 B 2.4 C 0.0 D 1.2 E 2.4 Figure 4: Correct Ethanol Well Plate Assay Results The column on the left for this figure 3 and the first well at the bottom of the second column are the sample solutions containing different ethanol concentrations so the remainder
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tetraphenylcyclopentadienone Overall Synthesis: CHEMICALS: wk 1: thiamine hydrochloride (1 g/student)‚ 95% ethanol (8 mls/ student)‚ 2M NaOH (5 mls/student)‚ benzaldehyde (4 mls/student) wk 2: 95% ethanol (30 mls/student) wk 3: acetic acid (6 mls/student)‚ ammonium nitrate (1 g/student)‚ 0.1g/ml cupric acetate (1.5 mls/student)‚ dichloromethane (6 mls/ student)‚ 30% acetone in heptanes (3 mls/student)‚ 95% ethanol (20 mls/student) wk 4: 1‚3 diphenylacetone (0.5 g/student)‚ triethylene glycol (5 mls/student)
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