what is covered in lecture by Feb. 15th) Cellular Respiration – general reaction equation‚ 4 stages of glucose metabolism Know structure/functions of mitochondria and where the 4 stages occur Know starting materials and final products of all four pathways Know how much ATP‚ NADH‚ and FADH2 are made in each stage starting with 1 glucose molecule Know what is meant by an electron transport chain and how it is used to make ATP (sets up a proton gradient. . .) Know the figures I titled as
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Introduction Hemophilia is a rare genetic blood clotting disorder that primarily affects males. People living with hemophilia do not have enough of‚ or are missing‚ one of the blood clotting proteins naturally found in blood. Two of the most common forms of hemophilia are A and B. In persons with hemophilia A (also called classic hemophilia)‚ clotting factor VIII is not present in sufficient amounts or is absent. In persons with hemophilia B (also called Christmas disease)‚ clotting factor
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Phospholipids are formed from 3 components :- (1) 2 fatty acids tails – these are hydrophobic; (2) a negatively-charged hydrophilic phosphate group; and (3) a glycerol backbone. The bilayer structure is favourable energetically because the hydrophobic fatty acid tails cluster together to exclude water‚ where the hydrophilic head groups (consisting of the phosphate group and glycerol backbone) are on the two surfaces of the membrane‚ which allows them to have contact with the surrounding water.
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ANS 3440 COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY HANDOUT This handout is prepared for you as a guide to assist you in studying for the final exam in this class. If you are knowledgeable in the following areas then you should be well prepared for the final exam. The questions that I have listed here are the most important ones that we have had during the semester. The concepts that are involved in these questions are what you will hopefully remember from this nutrition course long after your college
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1. Introduction People still die from diabetic ketoacidosis. Poor patient education is probably the most important determinant of the incidence of the catastrophe that constitutes "DKA". In several series‚ only about a fifth of patients with DKA are first-time presenters with recently acquired Type I diabetes mellitus. The remainder are recognised diabetics who are either noncompliant with insulin therapy‚ or have serious underlying illess that precipitates DKA. Most such
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amino acids‚ lipids‚ and nucleic acids. Glucose is also a main contributor to generating adenosine triphosphate through glycolysis‚ providing energy for chemical and everyday functions. The negative of glucose is‚ in high concentration‚ insulin pathways are blocked‚ causing diabetes. In order to calculate glucose levels for monitoring‚ a unique functional group must be observed. That being carbohydrate’s aldehyde group. The aldehyde group helps in metabolic functions and provides a reducing
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Girdling experiments involving the removal of a ring of cortex including phloem cells below leaves prevent the flow of food materials towards roots which accumulate at the upper rim o the rig and shows swelling. Radioactive tracers like 14CO2 sucrose phosphates supplied to lead are found to be translocated through sieve tube elements. While mealy bugs pierce their stylets into sieve tubes and suck the sap‚ the white bugs have specialized in feeding on the sieve tube sap. Thus various studies reveal that
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out by a process called Dehydration synthesis. Write the equation for this process: ________ADP__________ ATP (+ H2O) 4. List the three processes used to synthesize additional ATP when ATP supplies are low: 1. 1.Hydrolysis of creatine phosphate 2.Glycolysis 3.The Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 5. An immediate source of energy is _____ creatine phosphate________________ (CP)‚ but the supplies are limited and rapidly depleted. One molecule of CP produces __one_ ATP. 6. Glucose
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formation Step 1 - Glucose is phosphorylated. Two phosphate groups are added to glucose to form hexose biphosphate. These two phosphate groups are provided by two molecules of ATP. Step 2 - Lysis of hexose biphosphate. Hexose biphosphate splits into two molecules of triose phosphate. Step 3 - Each triose phosphate molecules is oxidised. Two atoms of hydrogen are removed from each molecule. The energy released by the oxidation is used to add another phosphate group to each molecule. This will result in
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are able to penetrate soil pores not accessible to the root hairs which are about five times larger than the hyphae (Kirkby and Mengel‚ 2001). For example‚ studies have shown that the heavily mycorrhizal root of cassava enables it to grow well in phosphate-deficient soils where other crops fail (Wild‚ 1993). Also‚ a long-term study at the National Abaca Research Center at VSU (Armecin and Geneston-Asio‚ 2004) has provided the first clear evidence that abaca plant (Musa textilis) is mycorrhizal although
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