them with the observed phenotypes of randomly selected F2 generation. 2. Methods • Perform a monohybrid cross with Parental phenotypes of triangle-hair shape versus rectangle-hair shape‚ and then inter-cross the resulting F1 generation to get the expected F2 generation. • State a null hypothesis for the monohybrid cross indicating the expected F2 generation’s phenotypic ratio. • Use the monohybrid cross program provided to randomly generate F2 generation for the phenotypes indicated. The lab instructions
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of alleles in offspring from two parents. Test crosses can be performed to determine whether dominant phenotypes are heterozygous or homozygous. Mendel formed his law of segregation from this work. Today we know that many traits are controlled by dominant and recessive alleles of genes. Genes have a specific location called the gene locus. Genotype describes the actual alleles for a gene; phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype. Two Trait Inheritance Mendel also performed experiments
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bright red eye and mutations in bw cause a brown eye. Double mutants have white eyes. As predicted‚ all the F1 generation of flies were wild type. The F1 generation flies were crossed‚ and their progeny (F2 generation) produced 4 different types of phenotypes (wild type‚ cinnabar‚ brown and white) in the phenotypic
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Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 1) Genes are the units of heredity‚ and are made up of segments of DNA. 2) In asexual reproduction‚ one parent produces genetically identical offspring my mitosis. In sexual reproduction‚ two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents. 3) Humans have somatic cells‚ which are any cell other than a gamete‚ have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A karyotype is an ordered display of the paired of chromosomes
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Monohybrid‚ Dihybrid‚ and Trihybrid Crosses 1.c. Based on what you know about the principles of Mendelian genetics‚ predict the phenotypic ratio that you would expect to see for the F1 offspring of this cross and describe the phenotype of each fly. 1.d. Are the phenotypes of the F1 offspring what you would have predicted for this cross? Why or why not? 1.g. What phenotypic ratio do you expect to see in the F2 offspring? 1.h. State your null hypothesis‚ chi-square value‚ degrees of freedom and
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Melanogaster on Evolution Abstract This experiment was conducted to study the relative fitness of two phenotypes of the Drosophila melanogaster and how fitness can affect evolution in the population. The phenotypes were placed in two different environments‚ one in which contained a predator and another with no predator. Results of the experiment would show how the fitness of each phenotype is affected by providing a mechanism‚ and if evolution was occurring in the population. Two hypotheses were
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KNOW and UNDERSTAND the following TERMS and DEFINITIONS: -DNA - diploid - genes - haploid - chromosomes - crossing over - sex cells - fertilisation - somatic cells - gamete - autosomes - zygote - sex chromosomes - phenotype - karyotype - genotype - eukaryotic cell division - dominant - mitosis - recessive - meiosis - homozygous - heterozygous - incomplete dominance - codominance - pure bred - hybrid - monohybrid cross 2. Make sure you know
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using Punett square: Gametes X x X XX Xx x Xx xx Data: Questions: A. What are the predicted ratios of the phenotypes in the plants? I predicted ¾ will germinate as green and ¼ will germinate as yellow B. What was the total number of seeds that germinated? 80 C. What are the actual ratios of the phenotypes displayed in the tobacco plants? D. Explain why it may be important to collect data from a larger population. 51/80 for the green germinated seeds
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purple flowers one must have both C and P alleles present. Explanation: In genetics‚ epistasis is a phenomenon in which the expression of one gene depends on the presence of one or more "modifier genes." A gene whose phenotype is expressed is called epistatic‚ while one whose phenotype is altered or suppressed is calledhypostatic. Epistasis can be contrasted with dominance‚ which is an interaction between alleles at the same gene locus. Epistasis is often studied in relation to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)
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of A‚ C‚ T‚ and G. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? Genotype is a term that refers to a living organism’s genetic makeup‚ whereas phenotype refers to an organism’s actual physical traits. Being that genotype describes an organisms genetic characteristics‚ this would also mean that the genetic characteristics that makes up one’s genotype will also determine that individuals phenotype‚ or physical characteristics. Since genetics play a major role in the determination
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