‘The beginnings of the Reformation and the principle figures responsible for it’ Group One Maryam Altaf Azka Shahid Maryam Naqqash Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part One * The Roman Catholic Church Part Two * The Early Reformists: From Wycliffe to Erasmus Part Three * Radical Reformists of the 16th Century: From Luther to Calvin Part Four * Literary counterparts of the movement: A look at the work of Dante and Machiavelli Acknowledgements: Will
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increase the power of the popes of the middle ages. In the 1070’s Pope Gregory VII challenged the Holy Roman Empire. While this was the start of the rise and increase in the power of the papacy‚ Pope Gregory’s skirmish with Henry IV ultimately ended with Henry continuing his reign of power. This was because of the Pope Gregory’s lack of military force. The uphill climb to superiority in the papacy was continued by Urban II. Pope Urban was able to recognize that Pope Gregory was too bold without
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the intensifying role of the church and the pope. It was a time when the church was Catholic and its main focus was to give salvation to the people. In my opinion‚ the expansion and development of religion in the Middle Ages had both positive and negative attributions. Fortunately‚ the positive had overcome the negative in the medieval era because of the role of the church‚ the contribution of the pope‚ and influential factors that the church and the pope had on not only society in general‚ but also
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the years of 900 and 1200. Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforced the church’s laws against simony‚ addressing the corrupt bishops. Other popes then followed them and continued the policy of reform. In later years during the Crusades‚ the Church was made to bear a resemblance to a kingdom in leadership structure. At this time the Curia or the pope’s advisers acted as a court‚ which made the laws of the Church on matters such as marriage. The diplomats for the pope established the pope’s power
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From 1305 seven popes had resided in Avignon in southern France rather than in Rome which had been considered the home of the Catholic Church. In 1376 however‚ Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome‚ however Gregory died in 1378 causing a papal election to take place because of this many people in Italy rioted as they thought a French pope would be picked for the position‚ however the cardinals elected and Italian‚ Pope Urban VI. After the election Pope Urban became hostile effectively
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- Wants to stop lay investiture‚ clean/reform church -excommunicated Henry IV Gallican Church- -the catholic church in France -infallibility was in the entire episcopal body with the pope as head -1682-1790 -- This one was weird lol and it wasnt in the textbook‚ and she never discussed it in class so i looked it up online... so if you want more/better info just google it =] Geneva- - center of Calvin’s reformed church - "City that
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With the prompt relating to how either Charlemagne or Augustine would align in such a conflict‚ it’s important to consider the values both parties‚ in this case‚ bring to the table. Both of them‚ Henry IV and Gregory VII‚ assume ordination by God as distinct justification for their singular correctness. Henry‚ in general‚ believes that emperors‚ because of their distinct position and ordination‚ should have full jurisdiction in terms of the investment of Bishops. Gregory’s counter to this is‚ essentially
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State eras: Socially‚ women are more equal to men‚ and the middle class is not very important. Politically‚ there are efforts to centralize secular and religious power. The Holy Roman Emperor is the secular power in Europe‚ and the Catholic Pope is the religious power. They have a love-hate relationship. To complicate matters‚ as in the other medieval sacred states (e.g.‚ Muslim and Chinese)‚ the warrior aristocrats retaining landed power from the Classical Empires refuse to give that power
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In the period 476 C.E. to 1450 C.E‚ Western Europe changed from feudalism and manorialism to urban centers and cities‚ and decentralization of government to the formation of centralized government and nations‚ while the role of the Catholic Church remained the same. In 476 C.E‚ the Western Roman Empire came to an end when German troops invaded the area. Romulus Augustus‚ the last Roman Emperor‚ lost his position‚ but German leaders had truly been controlling the area for a while before the official
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History 107 Medieval Feudalism The feudal system was medieval Europe’s prevailing form of political organization. It was based on a hierarchical series of relationships. A noble lord would grant land (called a fief) to a free man‚ and then the man would swear fealty to his lord. The man then became a vassal‚ and agreed to provide military service‚ as well as other obligations‚ to his lord. This is feudalism in a short‚ highly generalized nutshell; but to truly understand this or any other system
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