Chapter 1: Intro Independent Variable - variable you deliberately change during an experiment Theory - explanation based on a large number of experiments Hypothesis - educated prediction of cause and effect - what you test in an experiment Control - a zero or set form of the independent variable Dependent - variable you measure because you think it could change 7 characteristics: order‚ regulation‚ growth and development‚ energy processing‚ response to the environment‚ reproduction‚ evolutionary
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Chapter 2 Chapter 2 is about Molecular level of life/ the chemical component of life. What does chemistry have to do with our life? Chemical aspect of life. Matter: anything in the universe that has weight and occupies space. The weight is called mass. The mass will remain constant regardless of gravity. Can exist in our body in three different forms Three states of matter in our body. * Solid: in our body are organs‚ Bones‚ they will have different shapes. * Liquid: In our body
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What is a base? 16. What is a buffer and how do they function? 17. What are the 4 molecules of life? Discuss each in detail. 18. What does organic mean? 19. What are condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions? 20. Describe the 4 levels of protein structure. 21. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fat. Homework - Chapter 4 1. Who was to first person to observe cells? 2. What does the cell theory state and who formulated this theory? 3. What are three basic components all cell
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Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • define the biomolecules like carbohydrates‚ proteins and nucleic acids; • classify carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids and vitamins on the basis of their structures; • explain the difference between DNA and RNA; • appreciate the role of biomolecules in biosystem. Biomolecules “It is the harmonious and synchronous progress of chemical reactions in body which leads to life”. 14 Unit A living system grows‚ sustains and reproduces
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gradient in a passive process‚ meaning that no energy is required for it to happen. Facilitated diffusion uses both carrier proteins and channel proteins to diffuse particles in and out of a cell. Larger molecules such as amino and glucose cannot diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane‚ so they diffuse through either carrier proteins or channel proteins. Similar to diffusion‚ facilitated diffusion also moves particles down a concentration gradient‚ from an area of higher
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synthesising proteins and fats‚ releasing energy from glucose. What are the central ideas of Movement of Substances? • What processes describe how substances move from one region to another? – osmosis‚ or – diffusion‚ or – active transport. • What is the above dependent on? – Type of substance – Concentration gradient or water potential gradient. What is the link between Cells & Movement of Substances? • Cells take in raw materials to make new substances such as proteins and fats
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Ch.2 Essential chemistry for Biology 1. Water is precious to life because living organisms use water as the medium (solvent) for chemical reactions necessary to sustain life. Water also helps maintain temperatures. Droughts are disastrous because they can wipe out crops‚ which in turn cause famine. 2. MATTER: Composed of chemical elements‚ occupies space and has mass (ex: solid‚ liquid‚ and gas states.) CHEMICAL ELEMENTS: substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions
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Chapter 1. Microbiology – Diversity of Organisms Microorganisms- too small to be seen with the unaided eye “germ”- rapidly growing cell Microbes in our lives Pathogenic- disease causing Decompose organic waste Producers in ecosystem (photosynthesis) Produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone Produce fermented foods ( vinegar‚ cheese‚ bread) Produce products used in manufacturing (cellulose) and treatment (insulin) Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes? Stone washing- Tricoderma
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Unit 1 – Introduction to the Cell Robert Hooke – built the first microscope (30x magnification); viewed slices of cork called cellula (little rooms). Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - worked with glass huge improvement in quality of lenses nearly 300x magnification became possible first to observe: * single-celled organisms “animalcules” * protists from pond water * bacteria from his mouth – “father of microbiology” * blood cells * banded pattern in muscle cells * sperm from
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force field dependent peptide folding was studied. BMAP27 in aqueous solution displayed an extended conformations and occupied a large conformational space in both force fields (Table 1) during the simulation period of 0.5 s (Fig 1A and 1B). The partial densities of the peptide distribution were broadened owing to the unfolded conformations (Fig 1A and 1B). Simulations for BMAP27 interaction with zwitterionic and anionic membranes depicted a differential peptide folding and kinetics. Results showed
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