A&P II – Test 3 – Rider Urinary System: Q 1. a) What are the different parts of urinary system. The 2 kidneys‚ The 2 ureters‚ the Urinary Bladder and the Urethra. b) What is nephron? Name different parts of a nephron. Write absorption and secretion of different parts of a nephron. Nephron: It is the functional part of the kidney‚ encharged of filtration of blood and eliminates the nitrogenous waste of our bodies. The nephron consists of: functional units; two parts: renal corpuscle
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constancy of alveolar gas tensions. Firstly it is important to understand what the anatomical dead space and FRC actually are. The anatomical dead space refers to the gas in the conducting areas of the respiratory system where air does not come into contact with alveoli. Examples of places in the respiratory system where anatomical dead space is present are the mouth and trachea. The functional residual capacity is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal and passive expiration. It is
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= 7.0 pH of Blood Normal pH = 7.4 ± 0.05 Acidosis pH < 7.4 Alkalosis pH > 7.4 Abnormal pH can disrupt normal body function and affect performance Survival range: 6.8 – 7.8 Conditions and Diseases That Promote Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Gain in the amount of acid in the body Long-term starvation Through production of ketoacids From fat metabolism Uncontrolled diabetes Diabetic ketoacidosis Metabolic alkalosis Loss of acids from the body Severe vomiting
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1 Discuss in general which assessment findings would alert you to the need for immediate intervention. (When you notify a physician immediately‚ or call the rapid response team). You notify the physician or rapid response team in early clinical changes in condition that occur in most patients for up to 48 hours before a code blue. Therefore observe for‚ document‚ and communicate early indicators of patient decline‚ including decreasing blood pressure‚ increasing heart rate‚ decreased respirations
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oxygen requirements had increased to 70% fiO2 and an EtCO2 was 3.7kpa. His respiratory
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‘Respiratory regulation’ refers to changes in pH due to pCO2 changes from alterations in respiration. This change in can occur rapidly with significant effects on pH. Carbon dioxide is lipid soluble and crosses cell membranes quickly‚ so changes in pCO2 result in rapid changes in [H+] in all body fluid compartments. Respiratory regulation requires a connection between alveolar respiration and pH via pCO2. The control system for respiratory regulation of acid-base balance can be considered using
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of the nephron in targets 16. Know what ANP is and what it does (see Figure 26.9 on page 1001) 17. Know which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate balance and its main effects 18. Know what normal blood pH is 19. Know what the terms alkalosis‚ alkalemia‚ acidosis‚ and acidemia mean‚ what parameters indicate each‚ and the major factors that lead to them 20. Know what a chemical buffer system is and the three used by the body and where they are used 21. Know which chemical
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supplemental oxygen. Mild to moderate hypoxemia is a common arterial blood gas finding. Hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis may occur due to the high respiratory rate of an acute asthma exacerbation‚ but prolonged or severe symptoms may cause hypercapnia and metabolic acidosis (Karwat‚ 2002). Chest radiography is often normal; however‚ findings can encounter hyperinflation of the lungs with flattened diaphragm if there is obvious air trapping with the diagnosis of asthma. A CXR may be obtained
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the phrenic nerve : excite the diaphragm and intercostal muscles ‚ causing breathing movements. Anatomy respiratory membrane: a simple layer of squamous epithelial of alveolus and a simple layer of squamous epithelial of the capillary very thin‚ together the alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes form the respiratory membrane. Increase in thickness of the respiratory membrane would decrease gas exchange or imputed gas
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Physiology Chooljian Lecture Exam #3 Review FIRST: Be sure to: Study chapter objectives‚ summaries‚ and reviews Review your lecture notes ANS Define: denervation hypersensitivity‚ ganglia‚ mass activation‚ sympathoadrenal system‚ dual innervation. What are the two divisions of the ANS? Where are the neurons for each division located‚ and what is the major function of each division? What type of neurons (sensory or motor) are in the ANS? What are the names for the two
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