BCMB 230 Final exam Fall 2011 1. Nephrons that control plasma volume are: a. cortical b. juxtamedullary c. juxtaglomerular d. both a and c 1. Hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide bound to it is called: a. Oxyhemoglobin b. deoxyhemoglobin c. carbaminohemoglobin d. hematopoietic 1. Urine moves from the kidney to the bladder by: a. collecting duct b. distal convoluted tubule c. descending loop of Henle d. capsular space 1. Nephrons with a short loop
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Cause of Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The CFTR gene codes for the CFTR protein which is a chloride ion channel belonging to the ABC (what does it stand for) transporter superfamily of proteins. The CFTR proteins are normally located on the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells in the airways‚ lungs‚ skin‚ digestive organs (E.g. - the pancreas and intestine) and reproductive tracts (E.g. - sperm
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It seems as though “Helen” has been afflicted with respiratory acidosis from the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. The other symptoms that she is experiencing‚ the hypoventilation and sluggishness are due to the damage in her lungs from the emphysema. To regulate Helen’s breathing and carbon dioxide levels she needs to try to inhale long deep breaths and drug intervention may be needed as well. Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood produces
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Alterations in Fluids‚ Electrolytes‚ and Acid-Base Balance Composition & Compartment Distribution of Body Fluids ← Body fluids are distributed between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) compartments. The ICF compartment consists of fluid contained within all of the billions of cells in the body. It is the larger of the two compartments‚ containing approximately two thirds of the body water in healthy adults. ← The remaining one third of body water is in
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1) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located in the walls of the GI tract organ. (854) 2) The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called digestion. (852-853) 3) The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing and storage. (881) 4) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids‚ carbohydrates‚ and proteins‚ they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these
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assure a patent airway‚ adequate mechanical ventilation‚ and respiration for patients of all ages. Airway Management Airway anatomy Airway assessment Techniques of assuring a patent airway Respiration Anatomy of the respiratory system Physiology and pathophysiology of respiration • Pulmonary ventilation • Oxygenation • Respiration o External o Internal o Cellular Assessment and management of adequate and inadequate respiration
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1: Hyperventilation Answers 1. A substance that dissolves in water to release hydrogen (H+) ions is called a(n) _______. ACID 2. Which of the following is not a regulatory mechanism for acid/base balance in the body? a. the kidneys b. the respiratory system c. protein buffers d. the digestive system THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 3. The maximum pH measured during hyperventilation was _______. 7.67 4. Describe the normal ranges for pH and PCO2 in the blood. The normal range for ph is 7.35-7.45
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Notes on Final Exam: Practice Exams 1-4 are open for practice Final Exam consists of 100 questions Red scantron required Equal amount of questions from last 3 chapters covered. Wasn’t enough time to cover everything‚ so don’t JUST study this! DO NOT FORGET – Exam 4 due Monday at noon! Endocrine System Hormones: functions‚ where they’re secreted from‚ etc. Adrenal Glands: Cortex: Zona Glomerulosa mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone Zona Fasiculata glucocorticoids – Cortisol (synergist)
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patient’s legs without causing pressure • Use compression socks or hosiery to help poor circulation in the legs CASE STUDY 2 1. a. The type of acid-base imbalance that would be most likely to develop is Respiratory Alkalosis. b. The causes of Respiratory Alkalosis are head injury‚ stroke or brain hemorrhage that results to hyperventilation or breathing so fast that he depletes a majority of the carbon dioxide in his system causing an acid-base
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1. A female client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute renal failure. She is awake‚ alert‚ oriented‚ and complaining of severe back pain‚ nausea and vomiting and abdominal cramps. Her vital signs are blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg‚ pulse 110‚ respirations 30‚ and oral temperature 100.4°F (38°C). Her electrolytes are sodium 120 mEq/L‚ potassium 5.2 mEq/L; her urinary output for the first 8 hours is 50 ml. The client is displaying signs of which electrolyte imbalance? A. Hyponatremia B. Hyperkalemia
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