RULES GOVERNING SHIPMENT BY SEA: HAGUE RULES‚ HAGUE-VISBY RULES AND HAMBURG RULES The nature of the Hague-Visby Rules was discussed by the House of Lords in The Hollandia [1983] AC 565 (HL). The plaintiffs (shippers) shipped a piece of road-finishing machinery on board a Dutch vessel‚ ‘The Morviken’‚ belonging to the defendant carriers to Bonaire in the Dutch West Indies. The bill of lading issued in England limited the carriers liability to Dutch Florins 1‚250 ($250) which was less than the 10
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Speech Act Theory to the Analysis of Conversation: How Pre-sequences Work Francois Cooren Universite de Montreal Language and Social Interaction scholars (whether ethnomethodologists‚ ethnographers‚ or conversation analysts) often criticize speech act theorists for using invented sentences and fictional situations to illustrate their points‚ a practice which‚ according to these detractors‚ fails to capture the complexity and sequentiality of human interactions. In contrast‚ speech act theorists
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Speech Act Theory and the Speech Situation Etsuko Oishi Esercizi Filosofici 1‚ 2006‚ pp. 1-14 ISSN 1970-0164 link: http://www.univ.trieste.it/~eserfilo/art106/oishi106.pdf AUSTIN’S SPEECH ACT THEORY AND THE SPEECH SITUATION Etsuko Oishi The talk starts with a question‚ why do we discuss Austin now? While answering the question‚ I will (I) present an interpretation of Austin’s speech act theory‚ (II) discuss speech act theory after Austin‚ and (III) extend Austin’s speech act theory by developing
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“In theory‚ we are all equal before the law. In practice‚ there are overwhelming privileges that people possess.” This quotation was said by Arianna Huffington‚ an American lawyer and associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. In this quotation‚ Huffington recognizes that the law has flaws and must be altered in order to achieve equality. There are many groups in society who are not adequately represented by the law. This paper will discuss how the official version of law does
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From the viewpoint of the Rule Utilitarian ethical theory‚ the laws that require lifetime monitoring of some convicted sex offenders are not sensible public safety measures. By applying the Rule Utilitarian ethical theory‚ the moral rule would be: all sex offenders should be monitored for life. If this rule was actualized‚ overall happiness would not increase‚ which means the benefits would not outweigh the harms. The harms would be the privacy intrusion done to the sex offenders and increase of
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Early Communication: Beyond Speech-Act Theory Anna Papafragou University of Pennsylvania 1. Introduction For the past two decades‚ speech-act theory has been one of the basic tools for studying pragmatics from both a theoretical and an experimental perspective. In this paper‚ I want to discuss certain aspects of the theory with respect to data from early communication in children. My aim will be to show that some of the central assumptions of the speech-act model of utterance comprehension need
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for ethical theories. (3) Ans. Ethical theories represent the grand ideas on which guiding principles are based. They attempt to be coherent and systematic‚ striving to answer the fundamental practical ethical questions: 1.What ought I do? 2. How ought I to live? Ethical theories are needed for a number of purposes. They are the foundations of ethical analysis because they are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to a decision. The aim of ethical theory is to give a
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According to Kant‚ “it is a person that is the source of value. A person is of infinite worth‚ and what a person has‚ what a person does‚ what a person believes‚ what a person enjoys are all dependent upon the person’s and the person’s autonomy. Kant says that the virtues themselves evenness of temper‚ patience‚ can be turned evil if they are used for evil” (O’ Sullivan & Pecorino‚ 2002). By the words of Kant it would seem that he believes that people have the ability to be good and bad but the choice
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The M’Naghten Rule: 1843 Aspects of the Criminal law in Canada are likely to be traced back several hundred years ago‚ where the legal system was established in England. Criminal law‚ derived from public law‚ includes the subject of criminal defenses‚ and in a narrower sense‚ the theory of not being criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder. The theory behind this defense can be traced back to England in the 1840’s. This era showcased the influential case of Daniel M’Nagthen
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Criminal Acts and Choice Response Rickey Napper University of Phoenix Online Criminal Acts and Choice Response Choice Theories There are four basic choice theories of why a person commits a crime. These four theories can be used to explain why a person commits a crime. The first theory is the rational cause theory. This theory explains that an offender’s motivation to commit a crime is for personal gain‚ such as ego‚ money‚ and greed. This theory concludes that on offender commits crimes purposely
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