TRUE 6. Intracellular electrical recording is often used as a tool for diagnosing problems with nerve conduction such as carpal tunnel syndrome TRUE 7. The sciatic nerve is the shortest mixed nerve in the frog. False- longest 8. Within any given type of nerve fibre (myelinated or unmyelinated)‚ conduction velocity is faster in large diameter fibres than in small diameter fibres. True 9. Conduction velocity in an axon is proportional to the strength of the stimulus. True 10. When recording a compound
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inner ear consists of the spiral-shaped cochlea (an ancient Greek word for the shell of a snail). The passageways of the cochlea are lined with about 20‚ 000 microscopic hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses which are then sent to the brain. Here‚ these impulses are interpreted as meaningful sounds. There are only 15‚000 hair cells to perform this analysis‚ and they pass the information to the auditory
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vs. Destructive interference of waves Physical vs. Psychophysical measures of sound Impedance vs. admittance Impedance mismatch and Impedance matching Sound transduction Acoustic energy Mechanical energy Hydraulic energy Electrical impulses Otogenic development Germ layers of embryo (no function) Action Potential Inhibitory vs. Excitatory neural response Main types of neurotransmitter Temporal coding vs. frequency coding in neurons Afferent vs. Efferent auditory pathways Units
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Exercise 25 Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium Answers to Pre-Lab Quiz (pp. 383–384) 1. three 2. a‚ auricle 3. tympanic membrane 4. d‚ stapes 5. a‚ cochlea 6. otoscope 7. b‚ Rinne 8. b‚ internal ear 9. macula/vestibule 10. c‚ involuntary trailing of eyes in one direction‚ then rapid movement in the other Answers to Activity Questions Activity 4: Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing (pp. 387–388) Acuity Test The threshold is indefinite. Sound Localization No‚ the sound is less easily located
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ventricular arrythythmias and supraventricular arrythythmias. I.e.‚ arrythythmias that occur in the ventricles and arrythythmias that occur above them. Subdivision is possible‚ with arrhythmias further divided into Disorders of impulse conduction and disorders of impulse generation. The various and detailed events that take place with every heart beat is referred to as the "cardiac cycle". The top chambers of the heart are called the atria and the bottom chambers‚ the ventricles. A normal heart
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is the membrane potential when a neuron is not conducting any electrical impulse or signal. The resting potential is around -75 mV. During resting potential‚ the inside of the axon is negative GRADED POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL Action potential is a fleeting reversal of the membrane potential‚ caused by changes in permeability of the plasma membrane of neuron to potassium and sodium ions causing an electrical impulse to be transmitted along the axon. When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane
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and functional properties of cardiac muscle‚ and explain how it differs from skeletal muscle. 9. Briefly describe the events of cardiac muscle cell contraction. Heart Physiology 10. Name the components of the conduction system of the heart‚ and trace the conduction pathway. 11. Draw a diagram of a normal electrocardiogram tracing. Name the individual waves and intervals‚ and indicate what each represents. 12. Name some of the abnormalities that can be detected on an ECG tracing
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|Bipolar neurons |Unipolar neurons |Multipolar neurons | |transmit impulses generated by olfactory‚ visual‚ |Convey impulses from variety of specialized and |Transmit both sensory and motor nerve impulses | |vestibular‚ and auditory receptor endings ( sensory in|nonspecialized receptors | |
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This essay will describe the electrochemical processes that allow an Action potential to occur in a neuron. This will be achieved by firstly‚ defining the purpose of neurons in the body along with a description of the components within a neuron and how they enable information to be passed through the cell membrane and on to other neurons. Secondly‚ the resting potential of a neuron will be explored with relation to the concept of selective permeability and the purpose of the Sodium - Potassium
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thicker axons have a faster conduction velocity Decrease in K+ and Cl- leaks through ungated channels Less resistance to current flow Myelination allows a decrease in axon diameter with increased conduction velocities Rapid flow through reflex arcs Increase the number of axons in neural tissue : “miniaturization” of nervous system Fewer APs required so less ion flow: less Na+/K+ ATPase used so the neurons conserve energy 5. Nerve Conduction Three types of fibers are
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