The authors examine overt and subtle forms of stereotyping and prejudice. Two theories that explain overt prejudice are reviewed: realistic conflict theory and social identity theory. Although overt prejudice seems to have declined‚ subtle stereotyping is still pervasive. The authors review one theory‚ aversive racism theory‚ that explains this phenomenon. They also discuss two perspectives‚ attributional ambiguity and stereotype threat‚ which provide accounts of the impact of subtle racism
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Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist whose research has been justified because of the knowledge psychologists have gained about why people obey. One of his most famous studies was conducted in 1963 on obedience. Obedience is compliance with an order‚ request‚ or law or submission to another’s authority. Milgram wanted to investigate why the German soldiers were very obedient to their authority figures and superiors and if that is an explanation for their mass killings in World War
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real intention of a study from participants or taking steps to mislead them at the start. Milgram used the second ploy‚ deliberately lying to participants about the genuine reason for a study. He also used stooges and the use of stooges always means deception has been used. However‚ is deception necessary? Milgram would argue that his experiments could not have taken place without it. Imagine if Milgram had said at the start‚ ‘Mr Wallace is really a stooge‚ who will scream a bit but will receive
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has personally felt the conflict that can exist between different elements of a person’s identity. Quite simply‚ he writes that people “often see themselves in terms of whichever one of their allegiances is most under attack.” Asch C Solomon (1951) conducted research (the Asch experiment) to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. Apparently‚ people conform for two main reasons: because they want to fit in with the group and because they
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Counterproductive Group Tendencies Interventions Making Interventions Work Key Theorists/Players: Sue DeWine “Value of Meetings” Roy Berko and Andrew & Darlyn Wolvin “Primary & Secondary Tension” Irving Janis (1971) “GroupThink” Solomon Asch “The Asch Effect” Judith Martin & Tom Nakayama (2010) also Steven Beebe‚ Susan Beebe and Diana Ivy (2001)“Ethnocentrism” Roger Mosvick & Robert Nelson (1996) “Inadequate/Hidden Agendas Katherine Adams & Gloria Galanes (2009) “Brainstorming”
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individual and how it will affect them. Many times after horrible acts of genocide those accused of those acts claim that they were just following the orders of their superiors. In 1961 Stanley Milgram devised an experiment to answer this‚ the conflict of obedience to authority and personal conscience. Milgram wanted to see how far an individual would go in following orders to harm another human being. As Joel Stein‚ an American journalist‚ said; “Once society makes a new moral decision we’ve got to
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Chapter 14 discusses the Social Judgment Theory which was developed by Carolyn Sherif‚ Muzafer Sherif‚ and Carl Hovland. They believed that when an individual gets a new idea they weigh it against old ideas they currently had to decide if the information is valid. The most difficult to get people change their mind are the topics of religion‚ sex‚ and politics. When these topics are brought up people have the tendency to become very protective about what they believe in. When I was teaching a class
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on Obedience Explain why and how this research can be used to help prepare student nurses for working on hospital wards Contribute to the understanding of some of the challenges nurses may face in their working practices Background Stanley Milgram‚ a psychologist from Yale University‚ conducted a series of experiments on obedience to explain some of the concentration camp horrors perpetrated during World War II. He tested the subjects’ willingness to cause pain to another person if instructed
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authoritarian rule continues through their education and working life‚ and is then passed on to the next generation. This essay will focus on the work of the American psychologist Stanley Milgram. It will also look at other studies into obedience that evolved from Milgram’s experiments from the early 1960s. Stanley Milgram is one of the leading researchers into the psychology of obedience. Rice et al (2008) and was interested why thousands of German soldiers blindly obeyed orders that resulted in the
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policeman or doctor) and the lab / educational environment also presents a place‚ where most people wouldn’t be in real life situation. Many people might feel more inclined to be obedient in this environment from their own school days. Moreover‚ Milgram only used a small number of people from one location‚ again‚ this questions the results‚ by having such a small sample‚ its hard to suggest that everyone around the world would perform the same. This however‚ can be overcome by undertaking ensuring
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