8.4 Water 8.4.1 Water is distributed on Earth as a solid‚ liquid and gas y y y Define the terms solute‚ solvent and solution Solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solute a substance that is dissolved in another substance or the component of a solution present in a lower amount. Solvent a substance which can dissolve another substance or the component of a solution present in a greater amount. Identify the importance of water as a solvent Water is essential as a reactant
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GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS Methods in GA Precipitation Method - involves isolation of an ion in solution by a precipitation reaction‚ filtering‚ washing the precipitate free of contaminants‚ conversion of the precipitate to a product of known composition‚ and finally weighing the precipitate and determining its mass by difference. From the mass and known composition of the precipitate‚ the amount of the original ion can be determined. Volatilization Method -the analyte or its decomposition products
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Gravimetric Analysis of SULFATE as Barium Sulfate. Objectives * To learn the techniques associated with gravimetric analysis. * To use stoichiometry to calculate the percentage by mass of sulfate in an unknown sulfate salt. Background Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method for accurately determining the amount of a substance by selective precipitation of the substance from an aqueous solution. The precipitate is separated from the remaining aqueous solution by filtration and
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benzoate (C6H5COONa)‚ made by Fresh Foods International (FFI)‚ changed into a new substance in stomach acid. Stomach acid has a pH between 1 and 3 due to the hydrochloric acid content. Based on the net equation given in the book as well as the solubility of the product our hypothesis is that a new substance will form. Net reaction: C6H5COONa(aq) + HCl(aq) C6H5COOH(s) + NaCl(aq) Upon completion of this experiment students will gain experience using common extraction techniques such
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components of mixtures * To appreciate the importance of such separation techniques * To apply different methods and techniques in separating components of mixtures III. Results and Observations Separation of components with different solubilities * AMMONIUM CHLORIDE‚ SODIUM CHLORIDE‚ SAND the wt. of mixture with evaporating dish after 1st heating is?? g. And after Its 2nd heating?? g. The method used to separate that mixtures are Filtration and Evaporation. Filtration is the process
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Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Introduction Caffeine is soluble in boiling water and as a result it is easily extracted from tea bags by steeping in hot water. This process leaves behind the water insoluble portions of the tea bag. However‚ water extracts more than just caffeine‚ so a final separation is done with an organic solvent that will dissolve primarily caffeine. The organic solvent used in this experiment is Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂). Dichloromethane is less polar than water
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dense solvent will be the upper layer‚ while the more dense solvent will be the lower layer. The components of the initial mixture will be distributed amongst the two immiscible solvents as determined by their partition coefficient. The relative solubility that a compound has in two given solvents can provide an estimation of the extent to which a compound will be partitioned between them. A compound that is more soluble in the less dense solvent will preferentially reside in the upper layer. Conversely
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701%‚ nitrogen contributed 8.843%‚ and carbon contributed 9.642%. Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance‚ the solute‚ to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. It is important in predicting the parameters of the concentration of the drug in order to achieve the desired pharmacological
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The purpose of Module 11A was to test for the presence or absence of a particular set of functional groups through the use of wet chemical tests. In this manner‚ Unknown A which was a colorless solution‚ was first tested with 2‚4-DNP which after mixing for a few seconds formed a bright yellow precipitate. Although this confirms the presence of either a ketone or aldehyde group‚ one simple chemical test does not completely specify the presence or absence of other functional groups. Therefore‚ a second
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TITLE PAGE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SODIUM SALICYLATE OINTMENT INTENDED FOR TOPICAL AND SYSTEMIC DELIVERY BY MUOBIKE MAKUO 2005/136609 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B. PHARM) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA‚ NSUKKA. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA‚ NSUKKA. PROJECT SUPERVISOR: DR. I. V. ONYISHI OCTOBER‚ 2012. APPROVAL PAGE This is to certify
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