esterification and refluxing‚ the acid and alcohol are first warmed and mixed together with the sulphuric acid catalyst then attached it to a reflux condenser for a period of time. Then extraction‚ chloroform was added in to the mixture as organic solvent‚ causing it to form 2 layers. The ester solution layer was then extracted and drying agent was added to remove water. Then the solution undergoes filtration. The last step is the distillation. This step is to distill off impurities by heating the
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Osmosis works with eggs because membranes contain tiny holes that small particles such as water can pass through from high to low concentrations. In this lab‚ the egg is the solute and it is placed in the vinegar which is the solvent. The vinegar is a solution of water (the solvent) and acetic acid (the solute). The water in the vinegar enters the egg through the membrane‚ moving from the higher water concentration in the vinegar to the lower concentration in the egg‚ which causes the egg to increase
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(perhaps you and your neighboring lab group can share and balance each other’s tubes) and do not stop the centrifuge with your fingers! Transfer the extract (liquid) to a clean centrifuge tube. In the original centrifuge tube‚ add a new 4 mL of solvent and repeat the entire extraction procedure. Add the resulting extract to the first extract (in the second centrifuge tube). Now wash (microscale) the combined extracts with saturated NaCl solution (5mL)‚ then with 10% aqueous potassium carbonate
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?? % yield‚ after 5 h (Table 1). In order to find out the best reaction conditions for the synthesis of thiophene 4a‚ the reaction of 1a (??mmol) and 2a (?? mmol) have been screened by various parameters such as type and amount of base‚ reaction solvents and reaction temperatur.
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or property of a certain solute to dissolve in a particular solvent. [1] Miscibility‚ on the other hand‚ is the ability or property of substances to mix in all proportions or thoroughly. This term is usually used in the mixing of liquid substances. [2] In the experiment‚ the students observed the solubility and miscibility of some substances. Table 1 and 2 shows the solubility of salt‚ iodine‚ sugar‚ and naphthalene in different solvents. Table 3 and 4 shows the miscibility of substances to other
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Lab #4 The Synthesis of Organic Polymers CHM2123‚ Section C October 21‚ 2014 Introduction: Organic polymers are macromolecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. There are two main groups of polymers: natural polymers and unnatural (synthetic) polymers. Natural polymers include proteins such as cellulose and starch and are a necessity for our existence. On the other hand‚ synthetic polymers such as the polycarbonate in our lab goggles
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a day. [2] In this lab we will extract and purify caffeine from tea leaves. First water soluble compounds will be extracted from dry tea leaves with boiling water. Then‚ caffeine will be preferentially extracted from the water into organic solvent. The solvent will be removed and the crude material will be purified by sublimation This experiment has the following objectives: (1) to isolate caffeine using multiple extraction‚ (2) to purify caffeine using sublimation‚ (3) to determine the purity
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DETERMINATION OF THE HEAT OF SOLUTION BY THE VANT HOFF ISOCHORE METHOD Jan Vincent Arafiles‚ Merry Joy Arzaga‚ Anne Louise Ayson‚ Lovely Jenny Buenaflor Group 2 3A-Biochemistry chem401 laboratory ABSTRACT Thermodynamic values can be determined using the Vant Hoff isochore method. This method entails the use of equilibrium systems to determine the change in enthalpy of the solution‚ which can b related to the change in internal energy of the solution. The van ’t Hoff isochore relates
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the greatest amount of each solid was dissolved. Each solution was spotted along a labeled starting line on the silica gel TLC plate. The TLC plate was put into a developing chamber containing 200:1 acetic acid and allowed to developed until the solvent reached almost to the top of the TLC plate‚ which took about 10 minutes. When the TLC plate finished developing‚ I observed the plate under UV light and noticed that the salicylamide was the only spot that fluoresced purple while all the other
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VOL 20 NO 157 REGD NO DA 1589 Dhaka‚ Saturday‚ May 04‚2013 http://www.fe-bd.com/index.php?ref=MjBfMDVfMDRfMTNfMV8yN18xNjgzMjU= Of disasters‚ negligence and liability: Nimtoli tragedy revisited Published : Saturday‚ 04 May 2013 In case of fire in garment factories and accidents in unauthorized buildings‚ the regulators like the Fire Service or Rajuk come up with arguments that the factories or buildings do not have licence or permission‚ But they cannot avoid the ‘tortfeasor
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