“Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in the Model Organism‚ Sordaria fimicola” November 4‚ 2013 Biology 110- Basic Concepts and Biodiversity Fall 2013 I. Introduction The Earth is home to various forms of life contributing to the endless biodiversity that we see in our daily lives. In environments around the world there are distinct correlations between the environment and adaptations acquired by the organisms that live there. It has been shown that these adaptations
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Introduction: To achieve genetic experiments with haploid organisms‚ genetic strains of different genotypes must be crossed from one another. Following fertilization and meiosis‚ the meiotic products can be analyzed as the ascomycete fungus‚ Sordaria fimicola. Sordaria can be used as a model to study meiotic segregation. The trait followed was the ascospore color. Ascospore color is a single gene trait therefore it is easily observed under a light microspore. Which allele is dominant is very tough
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The lab experiment examined meiosis and genetic diversity through the model organism‚ Sordaria fimicola. Meiosis is part of the sexual life cycle and occurs in all sexually reproducing organisms. It is a method of cell division that produces gametes. Meiosis has two parts: meiosis I and meiosis II. Both parts undergo the same four stages of prophase‚ metaphase‚ anaphase‚ and telaphase. The process begins with one single parent diploid cell (that contain homologous chromosomes) that divides into
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Genetic Variation in Sordaria Finicola Introduction: The purpose of the Sordaria Lab was to explore the affects of genetic variation caused by meiosis and to record how sexual reproduction] affects the amount of crossing over in certain strains of Sordaria Fimicola. These organisms are ascomycetes and are also known as sac fungi. This is because the shape of their asci is in the form of a sac; inside each sac there are structures called ascospores. It is these structures‚ ascospores‚ where genetic
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Crossing over- The two chromosomes making up a homolog pair are not genetically identical because homologs are inherited from different parents. When the chromosomes synapse during prophase 1‚ each gene in each chromosome is brought into contact with the same gene on that chromosome’s homolog. During this process of synapses the two chromosomes of each homolog pair exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing over. The gene combinations on a chromosome can be changed. For example‚ suppose
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AP LAB # 3: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS Website to go for quizzes and activities: Print out the quizzes for mitosis and meiosis http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/ OVERVIEW Exercise 3A is a study of mitosis. You will simulate the stages of mitosis by using chromosome models.You will use prepared slides of onion root tips to study plant mitosis and to calculate the relative duration of the phases of mitosis in the meristem of root tissue. Prepared slides of the whitefish blastula
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Meiosis is extremely critical because its job is to check that all species produced by sexual reproduction include the right number of chromosomes we should have. This activity decreases the number of chromosomes in half‚ permitting the sexual reproduction process to prevail. Because meiosis produces cells that eventually becomes reproductive cells‚ this division in chromosome number is critical to the cell cycle. Without this process‚ the combination of two gametes during fertilization would result
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Gene Mapping in Ascospore Sordaria Cultures by Recombination Abstract The laboratory experiment demonstrates the process of meiosis using the Sordaria Fimicola fungi. Meiosis is important because it is the process that generates diversity in genetics. A wildtype was crossed with two mutant types: tan and grey. In order to exhibit recombination‚ the sequence of ascospores needed to result in a 2:2:2:2 or 2:4:2 sequence. From the crossover
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divide and move to the opposite poles of the cell‚ and spindles start to form Late Prophase I The bivalents duplicate to form tetrads (four-chromatid groups).The nuclear membrane disintegrates. Chromosomes join at points called chiasmata where crossing over takes place. Metaphase I The nuclear membrane completely disappears. Spindle fibres attach to the chromosome’s centromeres and homologous pairs move together and line up along the metaphase plate. Anaphase I Spindle fibres pull homologous
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Meiosis Worksheet On the lines provided‚ order the different stages of meiosis I THROUGH meiosis II‚ including interphase in the proper sequence. 1. 4th metaphase I homologous chromosome line up in the center of the cell 2.5th anaphase I spindle fibers pull homologous pairs to ends of the cell 3. 9th Telophase II 4 haploid (N) daughter cells form 4. 1st interphase cells undergo a round of DNA replication 5.7th anaphase II sister chromatids separate from each other 6. 6th Telophase I 2 haploid
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