BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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Lab 8- nitration of Methyl I Benzonate Date of experiment: INTRODUCTION: The nitration of methyl benzoate is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substation reaction. In the experiment the electrophile was the nitronium ion and the aromatic compound was methyl benzoate and with addition of nitrating solution Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate was the product. Methyl benzoate Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The procedures for this experiment
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spectrophotometric analysis of copper sulphate Introduction: In the modern usage. The term spectroscopy includes a large group of techniques which differ widely in their mode of application and information they reveal. As a useful working definition‚ spectroscopy is a study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter in the experiment it means it’s the usage of ultra-light to measure the absorbance of the copper sulpate. The regions of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately adjacent
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Dissociation Model of Prejudice suggests that processing information about others occurs in two-step: the first step triggers the stereotypes automatically‚ and the second step is that people have the control whether to accept the stereotype or not. By this theory‚ people cannot control the acceptances of the stereotype if they are distracted or not paying attention. Dissociation Model gives a cognitive explanation of the source of being
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use of spectrophotometer. The preparation of four known concentration of KMnO4 was done namely‚ 2.00×10-4M‚ 1.50×10-4M‚ 1.00×10-4M‚ 5.00×10-5M‚ respectively and is to be place on the spectrophotometer with the unknown and distilled water for the determination of each concentration’s absorbance. As the concentration is proportional with the absorbance of the solution‚ to determine the concentration of the solution is possible by drawing a graph of concentration against the absorbance. At the end of the
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health field there are many types of mental disorders. One that people are not aware: is called dissociation disorder. It is easy to be confused by the multiple definitions of dissociation disorder. It is important to explain the branches‚ types‚ diagnosis‚ and treatment of a dissociation disorder to understand what it is to suffer with a disorder of this severity. The three main branches of dissociation are Dissociative Amnesia‚ Depersonalization/Derealization‚ and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
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ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to synthesize methyl benzoate form benzoic acid and methanol by using the Fischer esterification method. The Fischer exterification technique is utilized in the academic and industrial settings due to the simplified synthesis and safety parameters of the overall reaction. Both benzoic acid and methanol are relatively cheap to obtain from a commercial source as well as being easy to store with a relatively long shelf life. The Fischer esterification method is
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Abstract In this experiment‚ the absorbance of KMnO4 was measured by spectrophotometric method to determine the molar concentration and the molar extinction coefficient of KMnO4. In part 1‚ in order to determine the maximum absorbance wavelength of KMnO4‚ we measured the absorbance of the sample solution which contains KMnO4 at the wavelengths between 330nm and 660nm‚ and plotted the λ and A points; the λmax was 530nm. In part 2‚ the effect of concentration on the absorbance was examined. We prepared
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Determination is a positive emotion that involves persevering towards a difficult goal in spite of obstacles.[1][2] Determination occurs prior to goal attainment and serves to motivate behavior that will help achieve one’s goal. Empirical research suggests that people consider determination to be an emotion; in other words‚ determination is not just a cognitive state‚ but rather an affective state.[3] In the psychology literature‚ researchers have studied determination under other terms‚ including
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Title: Experiment 28: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Objective: The students will learn to nitrate methyl benzoate through electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. They will learn the importance of regiochemistry in chemical reactions. They might experience disubstitution through a high temperature. Reactions: Observation: The crystals started to form when added 2 g of crushed ice. The addition of hot methanol dissociated the crystals. The crystals reappeared when cooled down in
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