bB ⇌ cC + dD kf[A]a[B]b = kr[C]c[D]d kfkr = Keq = [C]c[D]d (1) [A]a[B]b A factor in determining whether to which direction a reaction will go to that has not yet reached equilibrium‚ is the reaction quotient Q. Q is just the same as the Keq expression‚ but the main difference is that the concentrations of the reactants and the products used in the equation are still not yet at equilibrium. Whenever Q<Keq‚
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direction of the reaction 4. What does a K value represent for an equilibrium reaction? Write the generic equation for K 5. Match the following K values to the graphs that you created in question 3: a. Keq = very large b. Keq = 1.0 (approx.) c. Keq = 5.0 x 10-12 d. Keq = 3.5 x 102 e. Keq = very small 6. Outline Le Chatalier’s principles of equilibrium with respect to addition or removal of reactants and products‚ change in temperature for exo and endothermic reactions‚ and change in pressure
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in distilled water: Cu(OH)2(s) (( Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp Cu(OH)2 Keq = Ksp Cu(OH)2 = 2.2 x 10-20 b. + 6.0M H2C2O4 Cu(OH)2(s) (( Cu2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ksp Cu(OH)2 H2C2O4 (( H+ + HC2O4- Ka1 H2C2O4 HC2O4- (( H+ + C2O42- Ka2 H2C2O4 Cu2+ + C2O42- (( CuC2O4 1/Ksp CuC2O4 2(OH- + H+ (( H2O) 1/K2w Net Keq = (Ksp Cu(OH)2 x Ka1 x Ka2 )/Ksp CuC2O4 = 1.969 x 10-2 c. pinch
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ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Analytical Biochemistry 334 (2004) 196–198 www.elsevier.com/locate/yabio Notes & Tips A spectrophotometric assay for the quantiWcation of polyethylenimine in DNA nanoparticles Martin Bertschinger‚ Sophie Chaboche‚ Martin Jordan¤‚ Florian M. Wurm Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne‚ Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology‚ Lausanne VD1015‚ Switzerland Received 29 April 2004 Available online 28 August 2004 Since the Wrst description of polyethylenimine (PEI)1 as a
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Chemistry 12 Review Sheet on Unit 2 Chemical Equilibrium 1. What two things are equal at equilibrium? _________________________________ and ________________________________ 2. Consider the following potential energy diagram: a) Which reaction‚ forward or reverse‚ will be affected more by an increase in temperature? _______________________________________ b) Write a thermochemical equation for the forward reaction using the numerical value for the heat. Answer _______________________________________________________________
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the shaft speed (1890 rpm). 1.18 p=polyfit(x‚f‚1) ; p=35.18‚ -0.0607 and f=35.18x - 0.0607; k=35.18 (the slope of the line) 1.19 For springs end to end (series)‚ 1/keq = 1/k1 = 1/k2 ; for equal springs‚ the equivalent spring constant is 1/keq = 1/k + 1/k = 2/k and ker = k/2 (weaker) For springs side-by-side (parallel ) keq = k1 + k2 and keq = 2k (twice as stiff) 1.20 1.21 Assume “thickness” is the beam height h. K = f/x‚ for the doubly clamped beam (both ends clamped)‚ k = f/x = 192EI/L3 and I = 1/12
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Felodipine is a vasoselective calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine class used in the management of hypertension. It is chemically described as ethyl methyl 4-(2‚3-dichlorophenyl)-1‚4-dihydro-2‚6-dimetylpyridine-3‚5-di-carboxylate. Estimation of felodipine in biological samples and human plasma has been reported by gas chromatographic (GC) (Soons et al 1990) and liquid chromatographic (LC) methods. Estimation and separation of the metabolites of felodipine in biological samples have been
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centrifugation. This will separate the protein crude from the liquid. (Campbell) After protein purification‚ the crude now undergoes characterization. Activity assay‚ Bradford assay‚ and Warburg-Christian method can be used to characterize proteins. Spectrophotometric analysis are usually used to determine some properties of the protein such as protein concentration. Results Discussion A. Invertase from yeast The prepared yeast is first washed with hexane to defat the protein. After it‚ the yeast
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Constant (Lesson Recap) Ka‚ Acid Dissociation Constant Ka- is the Keq for the dissociation for a weak acid. e.g Acetic Acid‚ when dissolved in H2O CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) (ACID) (BASE) CH3COO (aq) + H3O(l) (CONJ BASE) (CONJ ACID) CH3COOH (aq) + H2O(l) ↔ CH3COO (aq) + H3O(l) *ONLY weak acid and back can be reversible Equation for Ka : Keq= [CH3COO(aq)] [H3O(l)][CH3COOH(aq)] [H2O(l)] Keq x [H2O (l)] = Ka Ka= [CH3COO(aq)] [H3O(l)] [CH3COOH(aq)] Example
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| | |Acid-Base Indicators: Spectroscopic Method of Determination of Ka | |Sahib Kaur | |
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