Exp’t 84 Synthesis of Methyl Benzoate by Fisher Esterification from K. L. Williamson‚ Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments‚ 2nd Ed. 1994‚ Houghton Mifflin‚ Boston p385 Revised 10/15/03 Prelab Exercise: Give the detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate. Introduction: The ester group is an important functional group that can be synthesized in a number of different ways. The low-molecular-weight esters have very pleasant odors and indeed are the major components
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“The Synthesis of Zinc Chloride”‚ what a peculiar name for a lab that does not even involve synthesis. Synthesis‚ by definition‚ is when two elements are combined in a chemical reaction‚but that is not the case. In this lab we are combining zinc‚ an element‚ and hydrochloric acid‚ a compound‚ but combining a compound and an element is not synthesis‚ it is single replacement. We are taking zinc and hydrochloric acid and making zinc chloride and hydrogen‚ a single replacement‚ but what occurred during
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Determining Genotypic Frequencies for Alu Insertion Polymorphism at the PV92 Locus Introduction An Alu element is a short stretch of non-coding DNA found in primates. It gets its name from the single recognition site for the endonuclease Alu I‚ located near the middle of the Alu element. Alu elements are transposable DNA sequences that copy and insert themselves into new chromosome locations. They are regarded as “selfish DNA” because they do not encode protein and appear to only exist for their
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Junnel Metrillo Date Performed: October 27‚ 2014 2L Group 1 Date Submitted: November 3‚ 2014 Exercise 6 Dipeptide Sequence Determination To understand the chemical‚ structural and functional properties of a certain protein‚ it is important to determine its amino acid components and sequence. The differences in the composition and sequence of amino acids dictate
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Luminol solutions use oxidation reactions to create the bright‚ luminescent‚ blue emission. In order to discover which additive enhances that glow the most and for the longest‚ I studied the data of several tests with varying enhancers added to the luminol. The substances to be compared in this study are as follows: cysteine‚ Cu (II)‚ silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)‚ and zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS-NPs). The first experiment focused on the reaction between alkaline luminol H2O2‚ the most common
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Thus a solution α-naphthol 1a‚ 4-methylbenzaldehyde 2a and tert-butyl isocyanide 3a in EtOH was magnetically stirred at 45 C for 12 hours under an oxygen atmosphere with an equimolar ratio of the three reactants. TLC monitoring of the reaction mixture exhibited formation of a new product‚ which was purified (Table 1‚ entry 1). Identification of its structure by NMR spectroscopy revealed that it was 2-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1-naphthyl N-(tert-butyl)carbamate (4a). Next‚ in order to improve the yield of
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In order to read DNA‚ it must be sequenced. This sequencing uses electrophoresis‚ a technique that separates sections of DNA that differ by a base. Electrophoresis used to be done manually‚ but was error prone and time consuming. Now‚ automatic sequencing machines are used. A technician begins the process by pouring gel between two glass plates that are set less than half a millimeter apart. After the gel is set up‚ DNA is put into each of the ninety-six lanes. The DNA sections then move through
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Based on the data from the riboflavin spectrum scan‚ the maximum absorbance wavelength for this compound is 446 nm. This was the point between 390 nm and 500 nm at which the absorbance value (0.72) was the highest. A blank tube that has the components of the solution being examined except for the compound of interest is then used in combination to provide an even more accurate reading. Then‚ by using Beer’s Law‚ the molar extinction coefficient for riboflavin was able to be calculated: 14‚400 L/(moles*cm)
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The characteristic properties of slime can be explained by polymerisation reactions. Polymers can be explained most simply by the polymerisation of the molecule ethylene into polyethylene (see figure 1 below). Figure 1. Polymerisation of polyethylene from ethylene. In this example‚ the double bond between the carbon atoms is broken‚ allowing each carbon atom to form one more bond between another molecule. The double bond between the carbon atoms is weaker because the type of orbital is ‚ compared
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The first step was to prepare 400 mL of an 0.1 M solution of NaOH. This was done by diluting from the 6 M solution that was provided. Next‚ 0.715g of KHP was weighed using the glazed paper and the triple beam balance. The KHP was then transferred to the 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Using a graduated cylinder‚ 50 mL of deionized water was measured and added to the flask. The KHP was dissolved in the water‚ and few drops of phenolphthalein were added. Moreover‚ the burette was rinsed with deionized water
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