Patrick McCrystal Enzymes: Natural Catalysts Enzymes are catalytic proteins‚ meaning they speed up chemical reactions without beingused up or altered permanently in the process. Although various enzymes use different methods‚all accomplish catalysis by lowering the activation energy for the reaction‚ thus allowing it tooccur more easily. Enzymes have very specific shapes (conformations). Part of the conformationis the active site of the enzyme‚ where the actual catalysis occurs. The specific molecule
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Dana Calderone Responses of Enzyme Activity from pH and Concentration Abstract Enzymes are the key to many of the chemical reactions that our bodies depend on to live. Without enzymes‚ we would not exist. These biological catalysts speed up the reactions as well as reduce the amount of activation energy needed to complete the process. Knowing how important enzymes are to us‚ it is important to realize what they require to function. They need select conditions and rates to work right. These conditions
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BIOLOGY LAB REPORT (UNIT 7: ENZYMES) GENERAL Enzymes are protein that acts as catalyst‚ lowering the activation energy need for reactions to progress in cells. The reaction can still occur without the presence of the enzyme‚ but at a much slower rate. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy need for a chemical reaction to occur‚ yielding from a given set of reactants. In enzymatic reactions‚ we have substrates which are reactants of reaction bound to an enzyme. While an active site is
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Enzymes are catalysts that are used to speed up chemical reactions. Adding inorganic catalysts to reactants increase the rate of most chemical reactions. However‚ all enzymes are different and there are numerous amounts. Many enzymes are essential for life and reactions would not happen rapidly to maintain life with the help of enzymes. Specific enzymes lower the activation energy for specific reactions and shapes. Activation energy is required to start a chemical reaction. This occurs when energy
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The activity of an Enzyme is affected by its environmental conditions and changing these factors can alter the overall rate of the reaction. Reaction rates are influenced by external factors such as pH‚ temperature and salt concentration. Different enzymes have different optimum temperatures in which they are most efficient and different pH levels which is ideal for their formation of enzyme-substrate complexes. As the temperature increases‚ there is more movement of molecules and more random collisions
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inside of the amylose coil.The amount of blue complex that starch gives with iodine can be measured by using a spectrophotometer. α-amylases are found in saliva‚ pancreatic juice‚ human breast milk‚ serum and certain tissues such as the liver. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of α (1-4) linkages in starch by breaking it down to maltose and some glucose. As the starch is broken down‚ the coiled structure of α-amylase is unfolded. Therefore‚ iodine will no longer be able to form the blue complex
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ability of the Barley Amylase Enzyme to effectively break down starch in solutions that are increasing in neutral pH. To do this the experiment was carried out so that tubes containing a reaction solution of the Amylase enzyme and starch were simultaneously mixed. The reactions were then introduced to I2-KI‚ which stopped the reactions‚ at two minute intervals. Each of these trials was repeated three times to ensure proper accuracy. After concluding the reactions they were placed into a spectrophotometer
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A reaction is a chemical process in which substances decomposes‚ or combines with other substances. In this case it is synthesis chemical process which creates new products. However‚ the rate of a reaction can be altered either faster or slower depending on certain variables. These variables are concentration‚ temperature‚ surface area‚ and catalysts. A reaction can be made faster or slower with a variation in the concentration of reactants; a reaction goes faster when there is an increase in concentration
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There are many reasons why enzymes have such a high specificity. The first variable is an enzyme’s primary structure. A primary structure is just a combination of amino acids. There are twenty different amino acids that the primary structure can be created from. Every enzyme has a different order that the acids are placed in and each one has a different number or amino acids. The slightest change in this structure can affect a protein’s conformation and function. The secondary structure is a regular
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‘Kinetics’ is the study of chemical reactions. The speed of a reaction can vary depending on many variables such as the nature of the reactants‚ particle size‚ concentration and temperature. For a chemical reaction to occur‚ there must be a collision between reactants. The reaction rate is slower when the reactants are large and complex molecules because it takes longer for the molecules to combine together creating a chemical reaction. More than 2000 years ago‚ Democritus‚ who was a philosopher
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