Name: Nikia Martinez Class: Biology 240L L3-1201 Assignment: Electrocardiography Lab Report Due: April 3rd 2012 Professor: Dr. B. Schoffstall Introduction In a normal human being the heart correctly functions by the blood first entering through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. This blood flow continues through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts forcing the pulmonary valve to open leading blood flow through the pulmonary
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the cardiac cycle. This cycle is controlled by the autorhythmic tissues of the heart (Wibbels & Vickery 2007). The cardiac cycle consists of two phases: the systole‚ or contraction phase‚ and the diastole‚ or relaxation phase. The wave of depolarization across the heart’s tissues is regulated by these autorhythmic tissues; this is what produces a consistent blood flow (Wibbels & Vickery 2007). Along with these autorhythmic tissues‚ the human heart also contains contractile tissues. Following
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is specific for glucose). Internal glucose (unphosphorylated) concentration remains low providing a large concentration gradient for entry into the cell. Aerobic metabolism leads to increased ATP/ADP ratios and ATP sensitive K+ channels close. Depolarization activates voltage gated Ca2+ channels and insulin exocytosis. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor and activates a tyrosine kinase second messenger system. Auto phosphorylation of the insulin receptor causes insulin-dependent GLUT transporters
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latent period does not change with different stimulus. Activity 2: Figure 2: Identifying the Threshold Voltage [pic] The threshold is the minimal stimulus needed to cause a depolarization of the muscle plasma membrane. It is the point at which sodium ions start to move into the cell for membrane depolarization. When we stimulated the voltage of 0‚ the active force showed a straight line such as depicted in figure 2. We kept on increasing the threshold hold voltage until it showed a value
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14. CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS AND CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS Overview “muscarinic receptor agonists” cholinergic agonists are drugs that act on acetylcholine receptors‚ thus causing excitation of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system there are 2 types of acetylcholine receptors 1) NICOTINIC RECEPTORS - are receptor-mediated ion channels - 3 types RECEPTOR TYPE MUSCLE TYPE GANGLION TYPE LOCATION - neuromuscular junction - sympathetic autonomic ganglia - parasympathetic autonomic
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Anatomy Final Test 1 The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is *oxytocin The primary function of ADH is to ____ decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys ___ cells secrete somatostatin while____ cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide in the pancrease delta‚ F The pituitary gland releases nine important___ peptide hormones Parathyroid hormone = released when Calcium levels are low in blood -stimulates osteoclast activity
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How things flow through the heart: • blood drains into the right atrium through the superior vena cava‚ inferior vena cava‚ and the coronary sinus (drains the heart muscle itself)→Right Ventricle→pulmonary semilunar valves→lungs→pulmonary veins→left atrium→bicuspid valve→left ventricle→aortic semilunar valve→systemic circuit. What the valves do: • Prevent backflow into the atria and ventricles‚ ensuring that blood only flows one way through the heart. what vessels bring blood to the heart and
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result is that the SA signal going through the atria makes a normal P wave‚ but if that signal doesn’t trigger a response from the AV node‚ no QRS gets produced – so you’ll see a P wave that isn’t followed by a QRS. The QRS represents ventricular depolarization –
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MUSCULOSKELETAL FRACTURES ● Fracture is a disruption or break in the continuity of the bone structure. ● Traumatic injuries account for the majority of fractures. ● Fractures can be classified as displaced (open) or nondisplaced (closed) depending on communication or noncommunication with the external environment. ● Signs include immediate localized pain‚ decreased function‚ and inability to bear weight or use affected part. Obvious bone deformity may be present. ● Bone goes through eight stages of selfhealing (union)
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the neuron is damaged with multiple sclerosis? 2. The resting membrane potential in neurons is generally in what range? 3. Explain what is happening in regards to sodium and potassium in a neuron at (see figure 7.10) a. At rest: b. During depolarization: c. During repolarization:. Skeletal muscle 1. Arrange from outer layer to innermost: Fascia‚ epimysium‚ perimysium‚ endomysium‚ muscle fiber‚ myofibrils‚ filaments.
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