Interrelationship between Planning & Controlling Functions of Management. Ashiqur Rahman Sami Business Administration Discipline Allama Iqbal UNIVERSITY‚ PAKISTAN Interrelationship between Planning & Controlling Functions of Management. Before we go to specify the interrelationship between the Planning and Controlling Function of Business we have to define Planning and Controlling first. Planning: Planning is a basic managerial function. It involves deciding on a course
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The theory behind a community of practice was first introduced by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger (1991). Firstly described within their novel Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (1992)‚ yet their theory was not noticeably defined until Penelope Eckert (2006) gave this theory the title community of practice. Eckert defines a community of practice as “a collection of people who engage in an ongoing basis in some common endeavor” (Eckert‚ 2006) which is exactly what we see within the
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Achievement Motivation Theory Analysis University of Phoenix PHY/320 Elizabeth Riegner December 19‚ 2012 Achievement Motivation Theory Analysis Every manager has a theory on how to motivate employees to perform his or her job. One of the oldest motivational methods is the Carrot and Stick method‚ which is a combination of rewards and punishments to bring about a desired behavior. Although this method of motivation can still be found in one form or the other in many organizations today‚ managers
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NEPOTISM Nepotism – favouritism In a business world‚ simply hiring one’s own family members or it can mean hiring and advancing unqualified or under-qualified family members based simply on the familial relationship. Many companies and individuals consider the practice to be unethical‚ largely due to its conflict with traditional American values of self-reliance and fairness. APPLICATIONS Hiring family members can also provide benefits to companies‚ for example by reducing their health insurance
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Principles and Practices of Management Assignment A Marks 15 Answer all questions. 1. What were the Hawthorne studies? What effect did they have on the Management practices? 2. What steps can an organisation take to increase the motivational force for high levels of performance? 3. Explain briefly various Management Functions. What is the basis for saying that planning is the most crucial management function? Discuss. 4. Explain the MBO Process. 5. Elucidate the relationship between planning
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Management theory and practice Assignment 1 How the managers differ from non-managerial employees ? In larger organizations‚ management is often broken down into three levels that is upper management‚ middle management and lower management. Upper management includes top executives who are highest on the management hierarchy. Middle management includes department managers and division managers‚ who are the communication link between upper and lower management. Lower management includes first-line
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Motivation Explain Adams equity theory Adams’ equity theory is a motivational model that attempts to explain the relationship between what an employee puts into their job (input)‚ what they get out of it (output) and the fairness and justice exchanged between the two (Cosier & Dalton‚ 1983). Inputs include all factors that are perceived as necessary to obtain a return‚ such as effort‚ loyalty‚ hard work‚ commitment‚ skill‚ ability‚ flexibility‚ tolerance‚ determination‚ heart and soul‚ enthusiasm
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mechanical effect. It typically refers to a linked sequence of events where the time between successive events is relatively small. It can be used literally (an observed series of actual collisions) or metaphorically (causal linkages within systems such as global finance or politics). Theory X In the theory X‚ management assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can. As a result‚ management believes that workers need to be closely supervised and comprehensive systems of controls
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLE 1. Introduction Conflict is not something new to us. Every single day we might involve in the conflict. Conflict has occurred since the existence of human beings. Conflict occurred either in person or between other individuals. Conflict can happen when we faced negative situation with family‚ colleagues‚ supervisor‚ customers and others. The early approach of conflict assumed all conflict was negative and to
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Principles and Practices of Management Subject Code – B-101 Section A: Objective Type Q1. A plan is a trap laid to capture the ___________ a) Future Q2. It is the function of employing suitable person for the enterprise: b) Staffing Q3. ______________ means “group of activities & employee into departments”: (d) Departmentation Q4. This theory states that authority is the power that is accepted by others. a) Acceptance theory Q5. It means dispersal of decision making
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