because differences in the structures give rise to different functional groups. ex. CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 ethanol dimethyl ether Stereoisomers are molecules which have the same basic arrangement of atoms in their molecules but differ in the way the atoms are arranged in space. There are three basic types of stereoisomers such as conformational isomers‚ geometric isomers and optical isomers. Molecules that exhibit free rotation about a single bond give rise to conformational
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Principles of X-ray Diffraction Diffraction effects are observed when electromagnetic radiation impinges on periodic structures with geometrical variations on the length scale of the wavelength of the radiation. The interatomic distances in crystals and molecules amount to 0.15–0.4 nm which correspond in the electromagnetic spectrum with the wavelength of x-rays having photon energies between 3 and 8 keV. Accordingly‚ phenomena like constructive and destructive interference should become observable
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Research Essay- Jacobus Henricus Van’t Hoff Jacobus Henricus Van’t Hoff was born in Rotterdam‚ the Netherlands‚ on August 30‚ 1852. He was the third child in a family of seven children. His father was Jacobus Henricus Van’t Hoff Sr.‚ a physician‚ and his mother was Alida Kolff Van’t Hoff. From a young age he was interested in science‚ nature and philosophy and though of Lord Byron as his idol. Van’t Hoff went against the wishes of his father when he enrolled at Delft University of Technology
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20th BATCH‚ SEC-B ------------------------------------------------- S.M. Samiuzzaman Roll ZR-77 ------------------------------------------------- Md.Mohiuzzaman Roll- ZR-98 ------------------------------------------------- Lamisa Faika Shahriar Roll RH-110 ------------------------------------------------- Zishan Mahmud ZR-116 ------------------------------------------------- Muhammad Touhidul Islam ZR- 126 ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
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main components. ▪ Carbon- carbon multiple bonds ▪ Single bonds between a carbon atom and a more electronegative atom. ▪ Carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. • There are 3 types of aliphatic hydrocarbons: o Alkanes ▪ A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms. ▪ General formula is Cn H2n+2 ▪ All alkanes have the ending –“ane” ▪ Any
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The Nature of biology and science Cell theory: * All organisms are made of cells and the products of cells * All cells come from pre-existing cells * The cell is the smallest organisational unit Cells have an outer membrane‚ encloses fluid contents of cell (cytoplasm) Robert Hooke (1665): observed dead cells from bark Anton van Leeuwenhoek: described living cells Matthias Schleiden: plant issues Theodor Schwann: animal tissues Bacteria found without nucleus and lacking other membrane-bound
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Exam: Chapter 1 Study Guide 1. What are the 11 levels of organization? Briefly define each. Atom - fundamental units of matter‚ building block of all substances Molecule - atoms joined in chemical bonds (an association of 2 or more atoms) Cell - smallest unit of life Tissue - organized array of cells and substances that interact in a collective task Organ - structural unit of interacting tissues Organ System - a set of interacting organs Multicelled Organism - individual that consists
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Properties * Chemical Property- the ability of a substance to change and form new substances. * Chemical Reactivity- With water‚ oxygen‚ acids‚ or another pure substance. * Combustibility- the ability of a substance to burn in air * Stability- the ability of a substance to remain unchanged. * Toxicity- the ability of a substance to cause harmful effects in plants and animals. Signs 1. Heat is produced. 2. Colour changes. 3. Bubbles form. 4. Precipitate forms(white specs
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S. E‚ Criminal law in Zambia; text‚ cases and materials: UNZA press. Lusaka. 2006 Sir Smith J and Hogan B‚ Criminal law; Cases and materials‚ sixth edition: Dublin & Edinburgh. Butterworth. 1996 CASES Chitenge v the people (1996) ZR 37 Mbomena Moola v the people (2000) ZR 148 SC STATUTES The Penal Code Act‚ Chapter 87 of the laws of Zambia.
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terms below‚ you are prepared for an exam. You need to spend time with your lecture notes‚ and prepare your own review questions in addition to the ones provided here. WHITE 301 General Themes and Topics Atoms‚ Elements and Molecules (Chapter 2) Describe the general structure of an atom and define atomic number‚ atomic mass‚ valence electrons‚ and isotopes. Atomic number – the # of protons in the nucleus Atomic mass – the number of protons and neutrons Valence electrons – the number of electrons
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