Chemical Reactions: The Process Of Making The Chocolate Chip Cookie
Chemical Reactions The idea of chemical reactions was investigated about two hundred and fifty years ago, when a man named Antoine Laurent Lavoisier wanted to know about the importance of chemical changes. Also, in the 19th century, John Dalton made the atomic theory. Dalton said that bonding atoms together makes new substances, which is a chemical reaction (History of chemical reactions). The definition of chemical reaction is, “the processes in which substances undergo chemical changes, which results in the formation of new substances.” This is what Dalton and Lavoisier tried to explore (History of chemical reactions).
Chemical reactions occur when substances gain or lose energy, so they either take or release energy. All chemical reactions …show more content…
have one main thing in common, a new substance is made. An example is, when baking chocolate chip cookies, the butter in the batter is mixed with the other ingredients, so the batter bubbles because a chemical reaction is occurring. When the batter is put into the oven, the heat causes a chemical reaction which is a new substance, the chocolate chip cookie. The chocolate chip cookie will also form, because it takes in heat (Frank, Little, Miller, 2000).
Heat
Heat is defined as, Thermal energy being transferred from one substance to another substance. Heat is transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation. In an oven, heat usually works with radiation, but can also use convection or conduction too. The definition of radiation is energy being transferred by electromagnetic waves. Radiation is the heat waves in the oven, which makes the substance bake (London, 1999). Conduction is a form of heat transfer through touching. Heat can move through metal, because metal is a good conductor. The heat moves through the metal and it makes the substance bake faster. Convection is the last form of heat. Convection involves liquids and gasses, and when the liquids and gas particles have more heat energy they move around and they take the place of the particles with less heat energy. A way to look at it is that the more energized particles switch places with the less energized particles. If there are two substances next to each other, one may be cooler than the other one. The substance with more heat some of that same substance’s heat will move to the other substance with less heat. Heat only goes in one direction (London, 1999). Endothermic and exothermic are also other forms of heat. Endothermic is when the chocolate chip cookie dough is inside the oven and it takes in the heat and energy and starts to make the form of a chocolate chip cookie. Endothermic means when a substance takes in energy which is the heat, to help it have a bigger reaction. The chocolate chip cookie is not exothermic because it does not release heat. It takes in heat. Exothermic means to release energy and the energy means the heat (Frank, Little, Miller, 2000).
When baking chocolate chip cookies with butter and the other ingredients, the more heat in the oven the faster the chocolate chip cookies will bake, and with more heat, the more chemical reactions will occur. This result has to do with heat because heat makes these reactions occur (Frank, Little, Miller, 2000). When baking chocolate chip cookies with the same temperatures for different batches of batter, the chemical reactions will start immediately when the batter is in the oven. Both of the batters go in at the same time. One batch has melted butter and the other one has softened butter. Even though when the batches go in the oven for the same amount of time and have the same temperature the butter is in different states of matter. The one batch with melted butter might have different diameter when it comes out of the oven than the batch that goes in with softened butter (London, 1999).
Butter
Butter is a dairy product. Butter was first made a very long time ago dating back to the middle ages. It was first made by the Africans and Europeans. Many people may think that it was made from cows. Actually it was initially not, because it was first made by goats and sheep milk. Butter is made by getting the milk from the animals and churning or agitating the cream/milk. This separates different parts of the cream. It is usual to take out the water based part of the cream which is called the buttermilk and separate it from the butterfat. After this the cream is put in wooden boards which gives it the solid shape. This also takes away some of the extra buttermilk (Fusio, 2010).
When butter is heated, it might seem like this process of making the butter is ruined, but it is actually not.
The grutien is spread apart, which is a salt that is in butter to preserve it. This is also what happens to the grutien when the butter is melted. When the butter is in the oven it expands and mixes in with the other ingredients. When this is mixed a chemical reaction starts to occur and the chocolate chip cookie is starting to form. The butter gives more flavor to the chocolate chip cookie and it also makes the cookies a lot softer. If there was no butter then the cookies wouldn’t be soft or crunchy, they would be hard. The butter in the chocolate chip cookie is one of the main ingredients to start the chemical reaction. This is how butter really ties in with chocolate chip cookies (Fusio, …show more content…
2010).
Chocolate Chip Cookies
Chocolate chip cookies were invented not too long ago.
In the 1930s a women name Ruth Wakefield owned a hotel called the Toll House Inn. This was in Whitman, Massachusetts. She published a cook book in New York and her recipe for chocolate chip cookies became very famous throughout America. The chocolate chip cookie recipe did originate in the United States. The actual year that the chocolate chip cookie was made in was 1938. Her idea of making it was in her head, but not invented until this particular year. Her hotel opened up in the early 1930s. She had a restaurant and she wanted to come up with a new idea for a dessert. She then came up with this idea of making a cookie called the chocolate chip cookie. It is cool to think about how chocolate chip cookies were made, and to figure that out, you need to know the recipe (Cookie Collection,
1990).
Chocolate chip cookies have a lot of ingredients in it, of course, because there is a recipe. One of the main ingredients in the chocolate chip cookies is the butter. The other ingredients include sugar, eggs, baking powder, salt etc. The purpose of the ingredients in the recipe is to make a new substance, which is the chocolate chip cookie. When the liquid ingredients and the solid ingredients combine and with the three types of heat transfer in the oven combine, the new substance starts to form. The three types of heat help the ingredients form into a chocolate chip cookie (Cookie Collection, 1990).
Area
Area means the measurement of a surface, and the area for a circle is A= π r2. If someone is doing an experiment with chocolate chip cookies or just measuring the diameter of something the formula is needed. To find the area of a circle or a chocolate chip cookie someone would have to measure the diameter of it. Next someone divides the diameter by two and this gives this person the radius. Then take pie which is 3.14 and multiply it by the radius and square that answer. Then someone can get the area. This will help to find area (Larson, R. & Boswell, L., 2004).
Chemical reactions occur when substances gain or lose energy, so they either take or release energy. All chemical reactions …show more content…
have one main thing in common, a new substance is made. An example is, when baking chocolate chip cookies, the butter in the batter is mixed with the other ingredients, so the batter bubbles because a chemical reaction is occurring. When the batter is put into the oven, the heat causes a chemical reaction which is a new substance, the chocolate chip cookie. The chocolate chip cookie will also form, because it takes in heat (Frank, Little, Miller, 2000).
Heat
Heat is defined as, Thermal energy being transferred from one substance to another substance. Heat is transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation. In an oven, heat usually works with radiation, but can also use convection or conduction too. The definition of radiation is energy being transferred by electromagnetic waves. Radiation is the heat waves in the oven, which makes the substance bake (London, 1999). Conduction is a form of heat transfer through touching. Heat can move through metal, because metal is a good conductor. The heat moves through the metal and it makes the substance bake faster. Convection is the last form of heat. Convection involves liquids and gasses, and when the liquids and gas particles have more heat energy they move around and they take the place of the particles with less heat energy. A way to look at it is that the more energized particles switch places with the less energized particles. If there are two substances next to each other, one may be cooler than the other one. The substance with more heat some of that same substance’s heat will move to the other substance with less heat. Heat only goes in one direction (London, 1999). Endothermic and exothermic are also other forms of heat. Endothermic is when the chocolate chip cookie dough is inside the oven and it takes in the heat and energy and starts to make the form of a chocolate chip cookie. Endothermic means when a substance takes in energy which is the heat, to help it have a bigger reaction. The chocolate chip cookie is not exothermic because it does not release heat. It takes in heat. Exothermic means to release energy and the energy means the heat (Frank, Little, Miller, 2000).
When baking chocolate chip cookies with butter and the other ingredients, the more heat in the oven the faster the chocolate chip cookies will bake, and with more heat, the more chemical reactions will occur. This result has to do with heat because heat makes these reactions occur (Frank, Little, Miller, 2000). When baking chocolate chip cookies with the same temperatures for different batches of batter, the chemical reactions will start immediately when the batter is in the oven. Both of the batters go in at the same time. One batch has melted butter and the other one has softened butter. Even though when the batches go in the oven for the same amount of time and have the same temperature the butter is in different states of matter. The one batch with melted butter might have different diameter when it comes out of the oven than the batch that goes in with softened butter (London, 1999).
Butter
Butter is a dairy product. Butter was first made a very long time ago dating back to the middle ages. It was first made by the Africans and Europeans. Many people may think that it was made from cows. Actually it was initially not, because it was first made by goats and sheep milk. Butter is made by getting the milk from the animals and churning or agitating the cream/milk. This separates different parts of the cream. It is usual to take out the water based part of the cream which is called the buttermilk and separate it from the butterfat. After this the cream is put in wooden boards which gives it the solid shape. This also takes away some of the extra buttermilk (Fusio, 2010).
When butter is heated, it might seem like this process of making the butter is ruined, but it is actually not.
The grutien is spread apart, which is a salt that is in butter to preserve it. This is also what happens to the grutien when the butter is melted. When the butter is in the oven it expands and mixes in with the other ingredients. When this is mixed a chemical reaction starts to occur and the chocolate chip cookie is starting to form. The butter gives more flavor to the chocolate chip cookie and it also makes the cookies a lot softer. If there was no butter then the cookies wouldn’t be soft or crunchy, they would be hard. The butter in the chocolate chip cookie is one of the main ingredients to start the chemical reaction. This is how butter really ties in with chocolate chip cookies (Fusio, …show more content…
2010).
Chocolate Chip Cookies
Chocolate chip cookies were invented not too long ago.
In the 1930s a women name Ruth Wakefield owned a hotel called the Toll House Inn. This was in Whitman, Massachusetts. She published a cook book in New York and her recipe for chocolate chip cookies became very famous throughout America. The chocolate chip cookie recipe did originate in the United States. The actual year that the chocolate chip cookie was made in was 1938. Her idea of making it was in her head, but not invented until this particular year. Her hotel opened up in the early 1930s. She had a restaurant and she wanted to come up with a new idea for a dessert. She then came up with this idea of making a cookie called the chocolate chip cookie. It is cool to think about how chocolate chip cookies were made, and to figure that out, you need to know the recipe (Cookie Collection,
1990).
Chocolate chip cookies have a lot of ingredients in it, of course, because there is a recipe. One of the main ingredients in the chocolate chip cookies is the butter. The other ingredients include sugar, eggs, baking powder, salt etc. The purpose of the ingredients in the recipe is to make a new substance, which is the chocolate chip cookie. When the liquid ingredients and the solid ingredients combine and with the three types of heat transfer in the oven combine, the new substance starts to form. The three types of heat help the ingredients form into a chocolate chip cookie (Cookie Collection, 1990).
Area
Area means the measurement of a surface, and the area for a circle is A= π r2. If someone is doing an experiment with chocolate chip cookies or just measuring the diameter of something the formula is needed. To find the area of a circle or a chocolate chip cookie someone would have to measure the diameter of it. Next someone divides the diameter by two and this gives this person the radius. Then take pie which is 3.14 and multiply it by the radius and square that answer. Then someone can get the area. This will help to find area (Larson, R. & Boswell, L., 2004).