Controllable Factors Of Attribution

According to Ormrod (2016) attributes are people’s explanations for their own success and failures (p. 475). For example, if one gets an A on their science exam, they might attribute studying hard for this exam as the reason to which they scored so well. Whereas, if one did not study at all and bombed the exam, the attribute for failing it, is due to the lack of studying. Ormrod (2016) explains that there are several different factors of attribution. Often times one might attribute the cause of an event to something internal, which means that is it within oneself (Ormrod, 2016 p. 475). Back to the grade on a test example, thinking that you received a good grade due to your hard work and study habits is an internal attribute. An external
Blaming another person for making you late to class because they drove too slow, for example is an external attribute. Stable factors of attribution state that these are factors that probably won’t change much in the future (Ormrod, 2016 p. 475), perhaps believe you are not as popular because you are an only child. Unstable attributes are factors that tend to change from one time to the next (p. 476), which might be thinking a bad grade was due to not understanding the directions correctly. Lastly, Ormrod (2016), states that controllable factors are those that either, directly or indirectly influence and change (p. 476). For example, perhaps you are chosen by a friend to have a sleep over because you are always friendly with her and help her when she is sad. On the other hand uncontrollable factors are those that simply one does not have control over (p. 476), such as being picked for the starring role because you look the part. Ormrod (2016), states that attributions influence the learners’ emotional responses, reactions to reinforcement and punishment, self-efficacy and expectations, effort and persistence, learning strategies, and future choices and goals, which all have a huge impact of both learning and
The first thing is the ticket system. When someone is sitting on the carpet quietly or walking in the hallway with a bubble in their mouth, or working quietly on their morning work, they are given a ticket. Whenever someone is caught doing something good, we will announce, “Oh, look at Andrea sitting so quietly, criss-cross applesauce on the carpet”. Typically all the students will then sit criss-cross applesauce as well. Tickets are also a form of payment for not acting appropriately. If a student is not following directions they might have to owe a ticket. If they have to be asked twice to owe that same ticket, then they have to owe two tickets. There is a bucket where the tickets go, so they must go to their desks, get their ticket out of their ticket baggie and place a ticket into the bucket. The tickets are then able to be turned in for fun items on Friday. They range from a bookmark, to a pencil, to using marker all day, to eating lunch with the teacher, and even reading a book with the principal. The second thing is PAT time on Friday. If a student did not have their folder signed the entire week then they are able to play with math manipulatives (blocks, cubes, shapes, chains, etc.) draw a picture, turn in their tickets, check their buckets to see if students have filled their bucket, etc. If they have had their folder signed, then they must sit at their