Cruise Tourism in the Caribbean
| | | | | |
Critically examine the role that Caribbean cruise tourism is playing in the economies and social sectors of the region. What are the economic and social costs/ benefits derived from this type of industry? What should Caribbean countries be doing to derive more benefits and mitigate social and environmental damage? |
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 3 ECONOMIC IMPACTS 3 SOCIAL / SOCIAL-CULTURAL IMPACTS 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 11 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 THE FUTURE OF CRUISE TOURISM 20 CONCLUSIONS 23 Bibliography 24
INTRODUCTION
A cruise is defined as a Sail from place to place for pleasure, through a succession of destinations on board a cruise ship. This is inclusive of accommodation as well as food and beverages.
Ted Arison and Knut Kloster, operating under the name Norwegian Caribbean Line (NCL), became the first cruise line to commission a ship specifically designed for modern cruising vacations. Due to the success of NCL, the 1970s and 1980’s were filled with the development of competitor cruise lines such as Commodore Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean Cruise Line, and P&O Cruises (Vladimir 2008).
The cruise industry has grown rapidly within the last few decades and it has become one of the most important sectors within the tourism industry. It has brought both negative and positive impacts, economic, social and environmental, and the perceived costs and benefits associated with the development of cruise tourism to the visiting destinations. Significantly, in terms of destinations the most popular in recent years has predominantly been the Caribbean. These aspects will now be discussed.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Tourism is now, more than ever, recognized as a major economic contributor in many destinations worldwide, adding value for foreign exchange but also support for export industries and environmental, social, cultural, and historic resources support and protection. Economists have distinguished three categories of
Critically examine the role that Caribbean cruise tourism is playing in the economies and social sectors of the region. What are the economic and social costs/ benefits derived from this type of industry? What should Caribbean countries be doing to derive more benefits and mitigate social and environmental damage? |
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 3 ECONOMIC IMPACTS 3 SOCIAL / SOCIAL-CULTURAL IMPACTS 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 11 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 THE FUTURE OF CRUISE TOURISM 20 CONCLUSIONS 23 Bibliography 24
INTRODUCTION
A cruise is defined as a Sail from place to place for pleasure, through a succession of destinations on board a cruise ship. This is inclusive of accommodation as well as food and beverages.
Ted Arison and Knut Kloster, operating under the name Norwegian Caribbean Line (NCL), became the first cruise line to commission a ship specifically designed for modern cruising vacations. Due to the success of NCL, the 1970s and 1980’s were filled with the development of competitor cruise lines such as Commodore Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean Cruise Line, and P&O Cruises (Vladimir 2008).
The cruise industry has grown rapidly within the last few decades and it has become one of the most important sectors within the tourism industry. It has brought both negative and positive impacts, economic, social and environmental, and the perceived costs and benefits associated with the development of cruise tourism to the visiting destinations. Significantly, in terms of destinations the most popular in recent years has predominantly been the Caribbean. These aspects will now be discussed.
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Tourism is now, more than ever, recognized as a major economic contributor in many destinations worldwide, adding value for foreign exchange but also support for export industries and environmental, social, cultural, and historic resources support and protection. Economists have distinguished three categories of
Bibliography: Ap, J. (1992). Residents ' perceptions on tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol.19 No.4 , 665-690. Butler, R. (1980). The Concept of a Tourism Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management Resources. The Canadian Geographer. Vol.24 No.1 , 5-16. Capaldo, K., Corbett, J. J., Kasibhatla, P., Fischbeck, P., & Pandis, S. N. (1999). Effects of Ship Emissions on Sulfur Cycling and Radiative Climate Forcing Over the Ocean. In Nature 400 (pp. 743-746). Caribbean Tourism Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved October Thursday, 2012, from One Caribbean: http://www.onecaribbean.org/ Corbett, J Dickinson, B., & Vladimirr, A. (1997). Selling the Sea: An Inside Look at the Cruise Industry. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Doxey, G. (1975). A Causation Theory of Visitor–Resident Irritants, Methodology and Research Inferences. The Impact of Tourism. . Sixth annual conference proceedings of the Travel Research Association, (pp. 295-198). San Diego. Mannell, R., & Kleiber, D. (1997). A Social Psychology of Leisure. State College, PA: Venture. Marquez, J. R., & Eagles, P. F. (2007). Working towards policy creation for cruise ship touris in parks and protected areas of Nunavut. Tourism in Marine Environments. Vol.4 No.2 . Neto, F. (2001). a new approach to sustainable development: Moving beyond environmental protection. Natural Resources Forum. Vol 27 , 212-222. Ocean Planet. (n.d.). Ocean Planet: Smithsonian. Retrieved October 29, 2012, from Ocean Planet: http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ocean_planet.html Schmidt, K Sweeting, J., & Wayne, S. (2006). A shifting tide: Environmental challenges and cruise industry responses. In R. Dowling, Cruise Ship Tourism (pp. 327–337). Oxon: cabi publishing. United Nations. (2001). Sustainable development of Tourism, Report of the Secretary-General. E/CN.17/2001/PC/21. New York : United Nations. United Nations. (1999). Tourism and Sustainable Development, Report of the Secretary-General. E/CN.17/1999/5. New York: United Nations.