Different Psychosocial Models: The Psychoanalytic Model
2nd page DIFFERENT PSYCHOSOCIAL MODELS
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL
This model is based on the pioneering works of Sigmund Freud. The major principles are based on the clinical study of patients undergoing psychoanalysis, a method which the patient is asked to provide an unrestricted account of whatever comes to mind leaving nothing out.
1. Id, ego, and superego. Fundamental to this model is the concept that behavior results from the interaction of three key subsystems within the personality.
a. The id contains the innate, primitive, biological drives such as hunger, thirst, and aggression. These primitive drives are seen as being of two types:
(1.) constructive drives, primarily of a sexual nature, which provides the basic energy of life, or libido.
(2.) destructive and aggressive urges which are more obscure but tend toward self-destruction and death.
Here, sex is used to refer to anything of a pleasurable nature—from eating to bathing.
The id, according to Freud, operates in terms of the pleasure principle, and is concerned only with immediate gratification. Although the id can generate images and wishes related to need gratification (primary process), it cannot undertake direct action toward meeting its needs.
b. The ego mediates between of the id and the realities of the external world. This requires the use of reason and other intellectual resources in dealing with the realities of the external world as well as the exercise of control over id demands. Hence, the id-ego relationship is merely one of the expediencies that does not make allowance for moral values.
c. The superego. This refers to the outgrowth of learning taboos and moral values of society. It is what we refer to as conscience and is concerned with the good and the bad, the right and the wrong.
However, the superego, as well as the id, operates through the ego system. Thus, the superego strives to compel the ego to inhibit desired which are
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL
This model is based on the pioneering works of Sigmund Freud. The major principles are based on the clinical study of patients undergoing psychoanalysis, a method which the patient is asked to provide an unrestricted account of whatever comes to mind leaving nothing out.
1. Id, ego, and superego. Fundamental to this model is the concept that behavior results from the interaction of three key subsystems within the personality.
a. The id contains the innate, primitive, biological drives such as hunger, thirst, and aggression. These primitive drives are seen as being of two types:
(1.) constructive drives, primarily of a sexual nature, which provides the basic energy of life, or libido.
(2.) destructive and aggressive urges which are more obscure but tend toward self-destruction and death.
Here, sex is used to refer to anything of a pleasurable nature—from eating to bathing.
The id, according to Freud, operates in terms of the pleasure principle, and is concerned only with immediate gratification. Although the id can generate images and wishes related to need gratification (primary process), it cannot undertake direct action toward meeting its needs.
b. The ego mediates between of the id and the realities of the external world. This requires the use of reason and other intellectual resources in dealing with the realities of the external world as well as the exercise of control over id demands. Hence, the id-ego relationship is merely one of the expediencies that does not make allowance for moral values.
c. The superego. This refers to the outgrowth of learning taboos and moral values of society. It is what we refer to as conscience and is concerned with the good and the bad, the right and the wrong.
However, the superego, as well as the id, operates through the ego system. Thus, the superego strives to compel the ego to inhibit desired which are