Do Professional Sports Benefit the Economy
Running head: Do Professional Sports benefit the economy?
Do Professional Sports benefit the economy?
William S. Cooper
Hodges University
Directed Study in Management (MNA4704)
Professor Meyers
December 20, 2009
Abstract
Do professional sports have a “major league” impact on the US economy? Most professional sports such as the National Football League, the National Basketball Association, the Major League Baseball and the National Hockey League have teams that are associated with a city of the United States. Most of these professional sports teams have lower level teams that they are associated with so they can groom up and coming professionals. Across the United States, there are millions of dollars being spent on these professional sports teams and their stadiums. Where is the money coming from and how is the US economy being affected by their revenues?
Do Professional Sports benefit the economy?
Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………2 Definitions 4 Literature Review 5 Methodology 9 Ethical Beliefs 9 Findings 11 Data Collection 11 Discussion 12 Recommendations 13 Appendix 14 Consent Form 14 References 15
Definitions
In order to grasp comprehension of this research paper, an insertion of the defined terms has been applied throughout the reading to ensure basic understanding of the text.
Public Funding- A stock or capital of national debt; public securities; evidences (Stocks or Bonds) of money lent from the government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals. Multiplier Effect- An effect in economic in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. For example, if a corporation builds a factory, it will employ construction
Do Professional Sports benefit the economy?
William S. Cooper
Hodges University
Directed Study in Management (MNA4704)
Professor Meyers
December 20, 2009
Abstract
Do professional sports have a “major league” impact on the US economy? Most professional sports such as the National Football League, the National Basketball Association, the Major League Baseball and the National Hockey League have teams that are associated with a city of the United States. Most of these professional sports teams have lower level teams that they are associated with so they can groom up and coming professionals. Across the United States, there are millions of dollars being spent on these professional sports teams and their stadiums. Where is the money coming from and how is the US economy being affected by their revenues?
Do Professional Sports benefit the economy?
Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………2 Definitions 4 Literature Review 5 Methodology 9 Ethical Beliefs 9 Findings 11 Data Collection 11 Discussion 12 Recommendations 13 Appendix 14 Consent Form 14 References 15
Definitions
In order to grasp comprehension of this research paper, an insertion of the defined terms has been applied throughout the reading to ensure basic understanding of the text.
Public Funding- A stock or capital of national debt; public securities; evidences (Stocks or Bonds) of money lent from the government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals. Multiplier Effect- An effect in economic in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. For example, if a corporation builds a factory, it will employ construction
References: Roger G. Noll and Andrew Zimbalist. Sports, Jobs, and Taxes: The Economic Impact of Professional Sports Teams and Stadiums. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1997. Borade, G. (2008, Feb). Sports economic media? Economic Inquiry. Oct 1993. Vol. 31, Iss. From Proquest Research Library database. Porter, M. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York:: The Free Press. Sack, A. (2008, March 7).Economic Effects on Professional Sports? Christian Science Monitor, 100(71) p. 9. Retrieved October 10, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database. Dennis Coates and Brad R. Humphreys. “The Growth Effects of Sport Franchises, Stadia and Arenas.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 18 (1999): 601. Robert A. Baade. “Professional Sports and Catalysts for Metropolitan Economic Development.” Journal of Urban Affairs 18 (1996): 1.