to be done and why, and what part of the individual plays in the overall effort (O’Toole, 1999). The key for superintendents is to build collaborative and sustained relations with all staff members while at the same time being careful not to impose their own views and beliefs. Taking time to understand the multiple perspectives of key stakeholders regarding both the issues and the strategies is foundational to being able to communicate the plan effectively (Eldridge & Mason, 2010). Utilizing professional development, as a resource, can improve student achievement. Studies that had more than 14 hours of professional development showed a positive and significant effect on student achievement from professional development ( Yoon, Duncan, Wen-yu, Scarloss & Shapley, 2007). Effective professional development provides time for staff members to learn and work together to create an instructional plan that is aligned with the school’s vision. Loucks-Horsley et al., (1998) outlined 7 principles of effective professional development.
• Driven by a vision of the classroom