Ethics: Morality and Vincible Ignorance
ETHICS Greek ; ethos – custom, character Ethikos- moral, showing moral character, moral judgment The science of the MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS Morality is the goodness or badness of an act Moral(good), immoral(bad) and amoral ( indifferent or neutral, neither good nor bad)
HUMAN ACT-----------------------------------------------------------------ACT OF MAN - Action done with knowledge and consent -no knowledge and consent - Action of man as man and as rational -involuntary 3 ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACT: - Acts of sensation 1. KNOWLEDGE –with awareness 2. FREE WILL – with choice 3. VOLUNTARINESS- with willingness
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS PRINCIPLE: “The greater the knowledge and freedom, the greater the voluntariness; and the greater the voluntariness, the greater the moral responsibility.” – Alfredo Panizo MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS a) Ignorance b) Passions c) Fear d) Habit e) Violence A) IGNORANCE - Absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess “Ignorance of Law exempts no one” - implies that one who has done wrong may not simply and directly claim ignorance as defense or justification or to be freed from sanction attached to the Law that was violated - implies that one should not act in the state of ignorance but always strive to dispel it 1) Vincible Ignorance - form of Ignorance which can be easily remedied through ordinary diligence and reasonable efforts 1.a) Affected Ignorance - a person possess this kind of Ignorance when a person employs positive efforts to be ignorant in order to be escape responsibility - it is Vincible Ignorance explicitly wanted = studied ignorance 2) Invincible Ignorance - kind of Ignorance which a person possesses without being aware of it or lack the means to rectify it PRINCIPLES: 1) Invincible Ignorance renders an act involuntary - a person is not liable or cannot be culpable if he is not aware of his ignorance or when there is no
means of rectifying his ignorance 2) Vincible Ignorance does not destroy but lessens voluntariness
HUMAN ACT-----------------------------------------------------------------ACT OF MAN - Action done with knowledge and consent -no knowledge and consent - Action of man as man and as rational -involuntary 3 ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACT: - Acts of sensation 1. KNOWLEDGE –with awareness 2. FREE WILL – with choice 3. VOLUNTARINESS- with willingness
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS PRINCIPLE: “The greater the knowledge and freedom, the greater the voluntariness; and the greater the voluntariness, the greater the moral responsibility.” – Alfredo Panizo MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS a) Ignorance b) Passions c) Fear d) Habit e) Violence A) IGNORANCE - Absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess “Ignorance of Law exempts no one” - implies that one who has done wrong may not simply and directly claim ignorance as defense or justification or to be freed from sanction attached to the Law that was violated - implies that one should not act in the state of ignorance but always strive to dispel it 1) Vincible Ignorance - form of Ignorance which can be easily remedied through ordinary diligence and reasonable efforts 1.a) Affected Ignorance - a person possess this kind of Ignorance when a person employs positive efforts to be ignorant in order to be escape responsibility - it is Vincible Ignorance explicitly wanted = studied ignorance 2) Invincible Ignorance - kind of Ignorance which a person possesses without being aware of it or lack the means to rectify it PRINCIPLES: 1) Invincible Ignorance renders an act involuntary - a person is not liable or cannot be culpable if he is not aware of his ignorance or when there is no
means of rectifying his ignorance 2) Vincible Ignorance does not destroy but lessens voluntariness