separate but equal” toimprove segregated educational institutions, integration becomes more commonplace throughout the US because it no longer becomes financially viable for people to promote realistic “separate but equal” facilities on the basis of race. Integration reduces the control of southern racial regimes because now all members of the community can participate in issues like the Scottsboro Boys’ case, and reduce the likelihood of a mob influencing the jury and law enforcement to act unfairly, or to reduce the influence of a local news source by questioning its legitimacy.
No matter what the southern racial regime was able to accomplish in court, there was always the possibility of the federal
government intervening tooverrule any legal decisions made. The American judicial system is unique in that citizens can appeal to higher courts if courts don’t rule in their favor, which is what happened in Scottsboro and granted the defendants another chance at acquittal. When the case (unsuccessful several times already) had reached the Supreme Court, the justices decided to reexamine the events due to the oversight of due process in the initial court proceedings: “The failure of the trial court to give the defendants reasonable time and opportunity to secure counsel was a clear denial of due process.”iThis second opportunity for the Scottsboro Boys to present their case and demonstrate the arbitrary facts presented was indicative of how southern communities couldn’t completely control the legal disputes that occurred nearby. As long as there was a court process and interested attorneys who were willing to appeal the case at higher levels of the government, litigation could go on long after they ended in the local/district courts.
Understanding both the strengths and vulnerabilities of the southern racial regime nonetheless points to an isolated and fragile system. While the regime’s strengths were well publicized and often inflated around the country, those small victories were overshadowed by the looming influence of the federal government in local affairs. Many southern racial regimes were weak not because of the strength in their beliefs, or because of the sizes of their communities, but because of their inability to control social, political, and economic events from multiple perspectives. They segregated African-Americans entirely, without providing an avenue for them to effectively participate in community affairs. They distributed incredible amounts of false information, without extending an opportunity to constituents for interpreting and choosing their own course of action based upon it. These practices were too blatantly unfair to be ignored at the national stage, especially in a country that manages to come together around almost every significant domestic issue.
The Scottsboro Boys’ case was not a complete success, but it did expose some of these weaknesses to key leaders in the African-American community, who would manipulate them for at least the next thirty years during the civil rights movement. It helped people now and then understand what worked/didn’t for American southern racial regime, and ultimately prevented similarly appalling cases from going by unnoticed in the future.