Infection Control
INFECTION CONTROL
Pathogen- Infectious agent
Colonization- If microorganism is present or invades host, grows and/or multiplies but does not cause infection.
Communicable disease- if infectious disease can be transmitted from one person to another. -Symptomatic-if pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs/symptoms. -Asymptomatic- if no s/s are present
*CHAIN OF INFECTION:
1. An infectious agent or pathogen
2. A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3. A portal of exit from the reservoir
4. A mode of transmission
5. A portal of entry to a host
6. A susceptible host
Virulence- Ability to survive in the host or outside the body.
Dose- sufficient number of organisms
Reservoir- A place where a pathogen can survive but may or may not multiply. *A variety of microorganisms live on the skin and within the body cavities, fluids, and discharges*
BACTERIA:
1. Water-Most require water or moisture
2. Temperature- microorganisms can only live in certain temp ranges (IDEAL 20-43 degree C) -Bacteriostasis- cold temp prevent growth & reproduction of bacteria -Bactericidal- a temp or chemical that destroys bacteria 3. pH- Prefer pH from 5-7
4. Light- Most microorganisms thrive best in dark environments such as under dressings and within body cavities
Portal of exits- Blood, skin, and mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, GI tract, and transplacental (mother to fetus).
Susceptibility- degree of resistance to a pathogen
Pathogenicity- extent of infection depends on the dose of the organism, and the susceptibility of the host.
Inflammatory response-protective reaction that serves to neutralize pathogens and repair body cells *NON SPECIFIC
Superinfection- when a broad-spectrum antibiotic eliminates a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just the infection.
Inflammation-body’s cellular response to injury, infection, or irritation.
Inflammatory Exudates- fluid & cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels
Pathogen- Infectious agent
Colonization- If microorganism is present or invades host, grows and/or multiplies but does not cause infection.
Communicable disease- if infectious disease can be transmitted from one person to another. -Symptomatic-if pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs/symptoms. -Asymptomatic- if no s/s are present
*CHAIN OF INFECTION:
1. An infectious agent or pathogen
2. A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3. A portal of exit from the reservoir
4. A mode of transmission
5. A portal of entry to a host
6. A susceptible host
Virulence- Ability to survive in the host or outside the body.
Dose- sufficient number of organisms
Reservoir- A place where a pathogen can survive but may or may not multiply. *A variety of microorganisms live on the skin and within the body cavities, fluids, and discharges*
BACTERIA:
1. Water-Most require water or moisture
2. Temperature- microorganisms can only live in certain temp ranges (IDEAL 20-43 degree C) -Bacteriostasis- cold temp prevent growth & reproduction of bacteria -Bactericidal- a temp or chemical that destroys bacteria 3. pH- Prefer pH from 5-7
4. Light- Most microorganisms thrive best in dark environments such as under dressings and within body cavities
Portal of exits- Blood, skin, and mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, GI tract, and transplacental (mother to fetus).
Susceptibility- degree of resistance to a pathogen
Pathogenicity- extent of infection depends on the dose of the organism, and the susceptibility of the host.
Inflammatory response-protective reaction that serves to neutralize pathogens and repair body cells *NON SPECIFIC
Superinfection- when a broad-spectrum antibiotic eliminates a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just the infection.
Inflammation-body’s cellular response to injury, infection, or irritation.
Inflammatory Exudates- fluid & cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels