International Diplomacy Case Study

1. States participate in various sorts of conferences. Evaluate conferences as a tool of international diplomacy. The role of conferences in international diplomacy have increased over the years, by gathering official representatives from various sates in order to engage in multilateral discussion. In order to resolve international conflicts, however conferences are not the most effective in doing so. Even though conference participants are for the most part official representatives of their respective governments, in some cases they have little or no final decision making power. Nevertheless, conference participation has increased, due to international organization holding conferences of their own to the point that some have become permanent
In example, the United Nations Climate Change Conference is attended by heads of state, due to the climate issue being one of the most pressing matters that we face today. For conferences with an agenda of lesser importance such as social and cultural issues heads of state will send an official representative in their place, in many cases an ambassador or a special envoy. The venue, host, and agenda might influence the decision of a state on what the rank and the decision power that an official or envoy might have. If the agenda or venue is not to the standards of a state they might send a representative with high or low decision power just to save face. Nevertheless, conferences are a great diplomatic tool, for the reason that they help proliferate awareness to matter or matters on the agenda or discussed in conferences even if a resolution is not met. This is due to, diplomatic conferences in many cases gathering the political elite from various states, to some extent these political elite have vast influence in their
States may involve third parties in solving disputes with other states. Techniques may include good offices, mediation, arbitration, and judicial decision. Describe and evaluate each of these techniques.
Good offices – refers to the place where the mediation will take place. An “office” will usually be provided by a neutral third party which all contenders agree to. This third party may be an individual, state, or international organization. The most notable state that has provided such venue for mediations over the years has been Switzerland, as they provided “good offices” in 2015 to Iran, the P5+1, and the EU for the Iran nuclear deal framework.
Mediation - Is the process in which parties agree to include a third party to aid in process of negotiation in order to reach a resolution to the matter at hand, and it will most likely take place in a venue where all parties feel at ease. Over time mediators for the most part are individuals, states, or international organizations. Mediation has two important characteristics; mediation has to be a voluntary process where all contenders unanimously agree on who will be the mediator. Secondly, whatever outcome may result in mediation is not binding. The outcomes, length and participation of mediation solely rest of the cooperation of the disputing parties. One of the most famous mediation cases in recent history is the 1978 Camp David Accords, in order to resolve the Egyptian Israeli conflict where the United States served as