An animal is conditioned to salivate to a bell using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the…
Week 2 Knowledge Check Concepts Mastery Score: 16/16 Questions Classical Conditioning 100% 1 2 3 10 12 Operant Conditioning 100% 4 5 6 11 13 Extinction 100% 7 8 9 Cognitive-Social Learning Theory 100% 14…
| |reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and |their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and |way people think. |…
2. What are the four schedules of partial reinforcement we discussed? Which produces the highest rate of responding and the most resistance to extinction and why?…
Chapter 3 begins with a brief examination of the history of classical conditioning. The research of Pavlov, Twitmyer, Vul’fson and Snarskii is presented. The historical accounts are used as a basis for defining the classical conditioning paradigm. Several experimental situations, including fear conditioning, eyeblink conditioning, sign tracking, and taste-aversion learning, are described in detail. The specifics of excitatory and inhibitory conditioning are then presented. These specifics include definitions, conditioning and control procedures, and measurement of the conditioned responses. The chapter concludes with an examination of the prevalence of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning mechanisms involved in responses during causal judgment, food preference learning, nursing, and sexual behavior are presented.…
c. Extinction focuses on the elimination of reinforcing a behavior, such as a time-out (Cherry, 2014).…
18. Rats that explored a maze without any reward were later able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated LATENT LEARNING…
Another example includes when it became apparent that Anne-Marie might begin engaging in Self-Injurious Behaviors (SIB’s) Maurice and Bridget considered using extinction as a method of decreasing the undesirable behavior of face-slapping (pg. 145). When they were discussing this tactic for their behavioral intervention they were cautious to the fact that if they did not handle Anne-Marie’s SIB quickly and correctly then Anne-Marie might being conditioning their behavior during the therapy. Thus, they were able to prevent getting stuck in the “negative reinforcement trap”.…
|1. Jamie was talked into riding on the roller coaster |Terror ride |Fear |Coaster |Fear/cold sweat |…
O Explain what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning.…
Behaviorism had many shortfalls with its primary one being that it excluded the effect of genetics entirely. It only accounted for what had been learned through reward and punishment only. Questions were raised and answers were missing when examining the question through the lens of behaviorism only. One area where ethologists observed discrepancies were in fixed-action patterns and critical periods in animals. Fixed-action patterns were behaviors that received little to no reward or punishment in which the animals engaged in and critical period referred to a specific period of time in which if a…
While I may disagree with the conclusion of this essay, still more do I disagree with the way in which it has been supported and justified. The paper bleeds a haughty arrogance, like an aristocrat looking down his nose at the ignorant peasants, suggesting that one either "gets it" or does not. It relies heavily on circular logic, much as religionI am right, because I am right, and therefore I am right. Touting the word "justice," and wielding other such noble words, van den Haag attempts to elevate his logic as "self-evident"though clearly it is not, or this course would not exist. Much as I detest anything that attempts to classify a species so diverse and unique as the human race into…
Instrumental learning: cats; law of effect Skinner- Operant conditioning: rats and pigeons; Behaviorist Tolman- Latent learning; cognitive maps Bandura- Observational learning: Bobo Dolls, Social-Cognitive Theory Ebbinghaus- Forgetting: Decay Model Chornsky-…
A personal study of operant conditioning, developed in the behavioral learning theory, has proven that different consequences have a hold on behavior. In this study a procedure is developed that consist of reinforcement and punishment. The reinforcement can either be positive or negative depending upon the behavior. Positive reinforcement purpose is to increase behavior with the actions of the behavior follows an award. Example, if a student studies hard for an exam and receives an A for the efforts the efforts will continue that the reward can continue. On the other hand, negative reinforcement purpose is to increase behavior also but to remove the stimulus after behavior. A pregnant woman gets heartburn every time she eats spicy food. The pregnant woman will stop having heartburn when she stops eating spicy food. To eliminate unwanted behaviors two concepts were established extinction and punishment. Extinction is not to reward the behavior and punishment is simply take way a positive stimulus for the behavior. This theory of operant conditioning is agreeable because it is found in everyday living in society.…
There is no simple definition or answer when one asks the question, “What is the purpose of education in adult learning.” To justly answer or define this question one most first ask one definitive question that will provide three important variables. Ultimately, we must ask “Who is asking this question?” simply, what is this person’s background, are they a WASP or a minority? What is their social class? Are they male or female? The answers to these questions will provide a contextual framework and starting point in which can genuinely begin to answer our original question, “What is the purpose of education in adult learning?”…