ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Crystal Information Table 8
LIST OF FIGURES Figure0.1 Analog & Digital Signals 2 Figure0.2 Example of 18 pin PIC 4 Figure0.1 Schematic Design 5 Figure 0.2LED 6 Figure 0.3Crystal Circuit 7 Figure 0.4 Breadboard Connection 8 Figure0.5 Program Flowchart 10 Figure 0.6 connecting the PIC to the Programmer 12 Figure 0.7 Burning the HEX file 12 Figure 0.8 Programming Successful 13 Figure 0.9 Connecting the Circuit 14
INTRODUCTION
In contrast to analog signal, a digital signal exists only at specific levels or states and changes its level in discrete steps. An analog signal and digital signal are illustrated in the following figure
Figure0.1 Analog & Digital Signals
Most analog signals have only two states: high and low. A system using two states signals allows the application of Boolean logic, and binary number representations, which form the foundation of the digital devices.
Digital devices are categorized according to their function as combinational logic or sequential logic devices. The difference between two categories is based on the signal timing, for sequential logic devices the timing or sequencing history, of the input signals plays a role in determining the output, but for combinational logic devices the output depend only on the instantaneous values of inputs.
Integrated circuits (IC) are consisting of combinational logic circuits or sequential logic circuits, and they are considered as hardware since they are hardwired to a circuit board.
Microprocessors are considered a