Pragmatics Summary
PRAGMATICS
1 Definitions and background
Pragmatics: is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has more to do with what people mean by their utterances. It is the study of the speaker meaning.
It also has to do with the meaning in a particular context and how the context influences what is said.
Also the study of how more is communicated than is said.
Closeness, whether it is physical, social, or conceptual, implies shared experience.
Syntax: is the study of relationship between linguistic forms, how they are arranged in sequence, and which sequences are well-formed.
Semantics: is the study of the between linguistic forms and entities of the world, how word litterally connect to things
2 Deixis and distance
Deixis: it means pointing via language. It depends on the speaker and hearer sharing the same context.
Deictic expression: any linguistic form used to acomplish this ‘pointing’. They are also called indexicals.
Person deixis: me, you. Also proper nouns and noun phrases.
Honorifics: expressions which indicate higher status.
Social deixis: are the circumstances which lead to the choice of using honorifics or not. Using third person form, where a second person form would be possible, is one way of communicating distance (and non-familiarity) also Sir, Madam, Lord.
Exclusive we: speaker plus other(s), excluding adressee.
Inclusive we: speaker and addresse included.
Spatial deixis: here, there.
Deictic center: is the speaker’s location.
Deitic projection: location from the speaker’s perspective. Fixed mentally.
Psychological distance: phisically close objects will tend to be treated by the speaker as psychologically close.
Temporal deixis: now, then. Also tomorrow, yesterday, etc.
Proximal terms: near speaker; this, here, now.
Distal terms: away from speaker; that, there, then.
Deictic expressions interpretation depend on the context,
1 Definitions and background
Pragmatics: is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has more to do with what people mean by their utterances. It is the study of the speaker meaning.
It also has to do with the meaning in a particular context and how the context influences what is said.
Also the study of how more is communicated than is said.
Closeness, whether it is physical, social, or conceptual, implies shared experience.
Syntax: is the study of relationship between linguistic forms, how they are arranged in sequence, and which sequences are well-formed.
Semantics: is the study of the between linguistic forms and entities of the world, how word litterally connect to things
2 Deixis and distance
Deixis: it means pointing via language. It depends on the speaker and hearer sharing the same context.
Deictic expression: any linguistic form used to acomplish this ‘pointing’. They are also called indexicals.
Person deixis: me, you. Also proper nouns and noun phrases.
Honorifics: expressions which indicate higher status.
Social deixis: are the circumstances which lead to the choice of using honorifics or not. Using third person form, where a second person form would be possible, is one way of communicating distance (and non-familiarity) also Sir, Madam, Lord.
Exclusive we: speaker plus other(s), excluding adressee.
Inclusive we: speaker and addresse included.
Spatial deixis: here, there.
Deictic center: is the speaker’s location.
Deitic projection: location from the speaker’s perspective. Fixed mentally.
Psychological distance: phisically close objects will tend to be treated by the speaker as psychologically close.
Temporal deixis: now, then. Also tomorrow, yesterday, etc.
Proximal terms: near speaker; this, here, now.
Distal terms: away from speaker; that, there, then.
Deictic expressions interpretation depend on the context,