Discrimination is negative actions or behavior addressed towards a certain group of people according to their gender, the color of skin, social class, etc.
In the late 19th century following on the heels of the "age of enlightenment" and entering the "Industrial Revolution" in France Alexander Comte believed that using the techniques of science, could be applied to the study of society.
Thus entered the sociology into academia. He coined the term sociology as others started to delve into the reason society behaves as it does. Many others entered this field, Herbert Spencer, who coined the term "survival