Present simple
Elisabeth I died in 1603. James VI of Scotland succeeded her, he became the first English king of the Stuart Dynasty, and, as he was also the king of Scotland, the crowns of these two countries were united. Although their governments continued to be separate, their linguistic differences were lessened in this century. James was successful in keeping England out of European wars, and encouraging colonial projects in the New World and economic growth at home.
In the seventeenth century, the link between religion and politics became intense, and this tension intensified under James’s son, Charles I. Between 1629 and 1638, Charles attempted to rule without Parliament. Charles married the French princess Henrietta Maria, who promoted a conversion back to Catholicism. In 1642 a Civil War broke out between the king’s forces and armies loyal to the House of Commons. This is remembered as a contest between aristocrat and royalist that were Cavaliers and puritan and parliamentarians as Roundheads. It ended with the complete victory for the parliament forces. Charles I became the first monarch in Europe to be executed after formal trial for crimes against his people. The leader of the parliamentary army, Oliver Cromwell, became Lord Protector of a republic with a military government. Cromwell did the same as the king, dissolved the parliament, imposed taxes without parliamentary approval and purges dissenters, persecuted Anglicans and Catholics. Britain briefly became a republic and it was called the Commonwealth.
In 1660, Parliament invited the old king’s son Charles II home from exile. Then the twenty-year period between 1640 and 1660 had seen the emergence of concepts that would remain central to bourgeois thought for centuries to come: religious toleration, separation of church and state, freedom for press censorship, and popular sovereignty.
(Literature)
Early seventeenth- century writers, such as John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Robert Burton, inherited a
In the seventeenth century, the link between religion and politics became intense, and this tension intensified under James’s son, Charles I. Between 1629 and 1638, Charles attempted to rule without Parliament. Charles married the French princess Henrietta Maria, who promoted a conversion back to Catholicism. In 1642 a Civil War broke out between the king’s forces and armies loyal to the House of Commons. This is remembered as a contest between aristocrat and royalist that were Cavaliers and puritan and parliamentarians as Roundheads. It ended with the complete victory for the parliament forces. Charles I became the first monarch in Europe to be executed after formal trial for crimes against his people. The leader of the parliamentary army, Oliver Cromwell, became Lord Protector of a republic with a military government. Cromwell did the same as the king, dissolved the parliament, imposed taxes without parliamentary approval and purges dissenters, persecuted Anglicans and Catholics. Britain briefly became a republic and it was called the Commonwealth.
In 1660, Parliament invited the old king’s son Charles II home from exile. Then the twenty-year period between 1640 and 1660 had seen the emergence of concepts that would remain central to bourgeois thought for centuries to come: religious toleration, separation of church and state, freedom for press censorship, and popular sovereignty.
(Literature)
Early seventeenth- century writers, such as John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Robert Burton, inherited a