Principle of Planning and the Project Approach
Planning
What is Planning? * Future Making * Shortcut to the future
Why Planning * Scarcity of resources * Unlimited Wants of people * Welfare Maximization in the long run
How or Technique of Planning 1. Short term Planning Technique
“Empirical Approach”
Data>Problems>Needs
2. Long term Planning Technique a. “Model and Programming Approach
Planning Process 1. Plan Formulation - Thinking 2. Plan Implementation – Action 3. Plan Evaluation – Feedback
Planning Phase * National or Macro level – Plan * Regional or Sector level – Program(s) * Segmental or Micro level – Project(s)
What we will be focusing on is PROJECT
Definition of Project: A project is a discrete packages or a set of activities designed to achieve a set of objectives within a designated period
Project Skeleton 3. serves as database for preparing proposal or Project Feasibility
Components of Project Skeleton 1. Problems or Needs | 2. Objectives and Output | 3. Demand and Market | 8. Project Benefit and Cost | 9. Project Summary- Worth to invest or Not? | 4. Appropriate Technology | 7. Project life and Schedule(Project Years) | 6. Organization &Management | 5. Resources Requirement |
Project Skeleton and Project Proposal covers at least 7 aspects
1.Technical Analysis
2.Market/Marketing Analysis
3.Social Analysis
4.Institutional Analysis
5. Environmental Analysis
6. Economic Analysis
7. Financial Analysis
Project Planning and Management Cycle
Project Cycle serves as a guideline for project planning and Management
Project cycles of various institutions
There are different in terms if numbers of steps and terms that are being used to describe the various stages of the project cycle
The United Nations (UN) 8 Steps
1.Concepetion
2.Formulation
3. Analyses and Evaluation
4.Approval
5.Implementation
6. Reporting and Feedback