Study Sheet for Psy 210 Final – Summer 2011 1. Know the following stages in prenatal development with a general understanding of what happens in these stages: Germinal, Embryonic, and Fetal stages from an example 2. Know the following trends in physical development: proximodistal, cephalocaudal, generalized to specific tendency in development 3. Know the following terms and the ages at which they generally occur: Menarche, spermarche, osteoporosis 4. Know Piaget’s sensorimotor stage from an example 5. Know Piaget’s preoperational stage from an example 6. Know Piaget’s concrete operations stage from an example 7. Know Piaget’s formal operations stage from an example 8. Know the Piagetian post-formal operations stage from an example 9. Know Piaget’s concept of…
This narrative essay covers the 3 new elements of evidence which have been found through research about the early psychological development of young children. First, the things the child already knows from the point they are born. Secondly, the rapid ability a child has to learn. Thirdly, the role a parent has in the psychological development of the child. Allison discusses that a newborn is capable of imitating another as “early as being 42 minutes old” (Gopnik 238), and by the time the child is nine months old, they are able to detect emotion. While younger children like to observe, two year-olds will begin to explore, and the more something is forbidden from a child the more they will want it. By the time children are 36 months old, they start to learn very quickly through observing the behavior and reactions their parents have to certain objects and alter their own views based on the views of the…
Although the movie “Babies” is not your average movie with a plot, climax, bad guy, good guy type of movie it can be very inspirational and educational. Along with cute funny moments that leave you in awe and laughter, this movie shows a lot of psychological aspects being involved along with sociological norms of four babies from Tokyo, San Francisco, Mongolia, and Namibia. From reflexes, to motor development, to basic brain development, these come along from growing up as a baby.…
The developmental perspective theorizes that individuals engage in certain tasks or activities at different points in their lives. These developmental stages occur from the day an individual is conceived until the day of their death. It is based on a study by Erik H. Erikson and breaks down an individual’s life into eight stages. The problems that occur within these stages of life of an individual dictate how well they meet a later stage. For instance, as an infant, he or she learns trust within his or her environment. The infant depends on the caretaker to meet his or her needs and a special bond is developed. Care and warmth is shown during this stage between the caretaker and infant. This theory states that if that infant does…
At 0-12 months, a child’s social development includes making sounds to communicate whether crying or babbling and responding positively to family members and familiar people. Communication development follows a similar path. A child will recognise familiar voices, respond with smiles and start to imitate others. Physical development is rapid. A child will develop control of their head, learn to grasp objects, later use a pincer grasp and start to gain control of their body to enable them to sit unaided and eventually crawl. Young people of this age range are very egocentric. They begin to process information through images and commence to become aware of object permanence. Emotionally, a child at this age has a very strong bond with its parents, particularly the mother. They require reassurance and security and become upset when others are angry.…
This assay will describe the development of infant’s senses of their 18 months of life and will define how this knowledge has generated. The development of the sensory and the nervous system is not whole at birth and will continue to mature until the adolescence. As babies cannot express themselves with words it has to be trough observations, those theorists make assumptions to try to understand their word for instance according to Piaget the confusion early in life only start make a logic world through their specific actions are linked to their perceptions. In contrast to his theory others academics claim that infants are born with some elementary understanding of some aspects of their surroundings…
Children are a mixture of many parts which intertwine in different ways and change over time. A very crucial aspect of their development is their cognitive development. Cognitive development “is change or stability in mental abilities such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity and psycho-social development which is change and stability in emotions, personality and social relationships” (Adesola, A. F., PhD., & Olufunmilayo, O. E., PhD., 2013). The influence of what happens in the mind of children has several different theories…
1.3 explain the potential effects on development, of pre conceptual, pre birth and birth experiences…
There are numerous theories relating to the psychological development that have been provided by psychologists, but within this course we have dealt with three. These psychologists are Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget and Sigmund Freud. Suggestions and ideas are given by these psychologists’ theories about the intellectual developments, the milestones and the developmental stages that a child has throughout their years of development.…
From conception to about 3 years of age, not only is the infant’s brain and nervous system developing, but also the psychological formation of their bodies.…
Topic: Nurture Strongly Influences Early Human Development. Many scientists believe that nature and nurture not only have the same influence on childhood development, but also they have interaction between each other. Nature is the one’s heredity and characteristic and nurture is the upbringing, education and environment. This essay will develop to answer this question that how much nurture can affect the one’s social and biological development the writer believe that nurture has a vital role in early human development. Nature has some influences on building one’s social and behavioral characteristics. A development of maturation process is genetically programmed. Our genes decide our sex, our color of skins and hair, general body size and characteristics. This is also evident when considering the fact that virtually all children go through the same stages of motor behaviors. Infants learn to lift their heads, to turn over on their back, to direct hand movement, to sit, to crawl, to stand and finally to walk, generally in this order. Moreover, a newborn infant can distinguish sounds of human voice from other voices and also can discriminate differences in taste shortly after birth. All these are nature and sum up to show that the development process is genetically programmed. However, nurture is stronger than nature in early human development. The mind of a newborn baby is a “blank state” (Lock, 17th century). This state will be filled up by infant experience- what it sees, hear tastes, etc. In comparison with nature in childhood development, environmental factors have the stronger influence on the maturity process. For example, the condition of the womb can influence the growth of a fetus. Poor maternal health, malnutrition, smoking and consumption of alcohol disturb the normal…
The first two years after birth, through the developing person has to do with three domains biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial. There are many different theories regarding the first two years. The three most influential works on growth and development was done by Piaget, Freud and Erikson. Piaget’s theory was called cognitive development or the sensorimotor stage. This is when the child interacts with his surroundings through physical action such as pushing, sucking, grabbing, etc. Freud’s theory of development is psychosexual. He proposed three stages in psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic. Erikson’s theory is psychosocial. From birth until about one and a half the child is going through the oral sensory stage. More about these theories and discussing the first two years of a child’s life will be discussed further on in this essay.…
Newborns have innate abilities for finding nourishment, avoiding harmful situations, and interacting with others - all of which are genetically designed to facilitate survival. From the moment of conception to the nine-month prenatal period, the zygote becomes an embryo and then a fetus. Teratogens taken in by the mother that can cause damage to the developing fetus. Development of sensory abilities and basic reflexes begins in the prenatal period. And at birth newborns prefer sweet taste and familiar sounds and have visual abilities ideally suited for looking at faces. The newborns brain contains some 100 billion neurons. Infancy spans the first 18 months of life. Maturation refers to genetically programmed events and timeline of normal development. Infants need human contact to survive and thrive, and their innate sensory abilities, reflexes, and mimicry promote development of social relationships.…
During pregnancy, often times a mother experiences a jump inside the womb, or a kick from her baby. It cannot be defined that life starts after birth, because a movement of an organism becomes a clear sign that life exists inside. Why do parents also read or sing for the child before birth? A belief that life begins inside exists for the…
Evaluate the proposition that society has no right to call itself sane with reference to the role of anorexia and bulimia nervosa?…