A&P Notes Ch. 1-3
Chapter 1
Section 1
Anatomy-Study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts
Gross Anatomy -involves the examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye
Microscopic Anatomy-deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification
Physiology-the study of function and considers the functions of the human body
Anatomy and physiology are closely interrelated Theroretically Practically Anatomical details-significant only because each has an effect on function Physiological Mechanisms- fully understood only in terms of the underlying structural relationships
Section 2
Levels of Organization
Basic to Complex Chemical (or molecular) Level Atoms-the smallest stable units of matter, can combine to form molecules with complex shapes Cellular Level Cells-smallest living units in the body Tissue Level Tissue-a group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions Organ Level Organ-consists of two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions Organ System Level Organ Systems- 11 systems one being together is the heart, blood, and blood vessels from the cardiovascular system Subsection 1.4 1. Cells are the smallest units of life a. Cells-the smallest independent organism, with all characteristics, the human body contains 200 different cell types b. Smooth Muscle cells (spindle cells) c. Blood cells d. Bone Cells e. Fat Cells f. Cells lining the digestive tract g. Reproductive cells h. Nerve cells (neurons) 2. Cell Theory i. The cells of the body work together j. Our lives ultimately depend on their actions
Section 1
Anatomy-Study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts
Gross Anatomy -involves the examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye
Microscopic Anatomy-deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification
Physiology-the study of function and considers the functions of the human body
Anatomy and physiology are closely interrelated Theroretically Practically Anatomical details-significant only because each has an effect on function Physiological Mechanisms- fully understood only in terms of the underlying structural relationships
Section 2
Levels of Organization
Basic to Complex Chemical (or molecular) Level Atoms-the smallest stable units of matter, can combine to form molecules with complex shapes Cellular Level Cells-smallest living units in the body Tissue Level Tissue-a group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions Organ Level Organ-consists of two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions Organ System Level Organ Systems- 11 systems one being together is the heart, blood, and blood vessels from the cardiovascular system Subsection 1.4 1. Cells are the smallest units of life a. Cells-the smallest independent organism, with all characteristics, the human body contains 200 different cell types b. Smooth Muscle cells (spindle cells) c. Blood cells d. Bone Cells e. Fat Cells f. Cells lining the digestive tract g. Reproductive cells h. Nerve cells (neurons) 2. Cell Theory i. The cells of the body work together j. Our lives ultimately depend on their actions