Aldehydes‚ Ketones and Saccharides Aldehydes – contains a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain. – RCOH Ketones – contains a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain. – RCOR * 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Test - Test for Carbonyl group * Sodium Bisulfate Test- Test for Aldehydes and Methy Ketones * White precipitate * Ketones with more than 2 carbon – non-reactive * Ketones with 2 carbons – slightly reactive * Schiff’s
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additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan‚ North America‚ and Europe was about 400‚000 tons.[1] In 2004‚ an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide.[2] Production Ethyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic Fischer esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature:
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synthesise the ester 3-methylbutyl ethanoate( isopentyl acetate) and to identify the product by its boiling point. Method The ester was prepared by the lab assistant in the fume cupboard by reacting 3-methylbutan-1-ol (iso-pentanol‚ 25mL)‚ and acetic anhydride (24mL plus 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid). A strong exothermic reaction occurs. Once the reaction mixture is cooled in the fume cupboard (after about 10mins-15mins)‚ the process of isolating the ester by solvent extraction and purifying
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industrial applications. Performance chemicals and intermediates Raw materials including propane‚ ethane‚ high sulfur coal and natural gas are utilized by Eastman to produce acetic anhydride‚ acetaldehyde‚ oxo derivatives‚ plasticizers‚ glycols‚ polymer intermediates‚ diketene derivatives‚ specialty ketones‚ and specialty anhydrides. These products are used for numerous purposes‚ including toys‚ household products‚ textiles and more. Polymers Paraxylene‚ ethylene glycol‚ purified terephthalic acid
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number of grams NH3 produced by the reaction of 5.40 grams of hydrogen with an excess nitrogen. 1. The overall reaction for the conversion of sugar(glucose) to acetic acid is: C6H12O6 + 2O2 2CH3COOH + 2CO2 + 2H2O A given volume of nipa sap contains 69.0 g of glucose. If all of this sugar is fermented ‚ how many grams of acetic acid would be produced? 2. How many molecules of oxygen are produced when 29.2 g of water is decomposed forming hydrogen gas and oxygen gas? 3. Hydrofluoric acid
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nitrate attacks by a proposed reagent-substituent coordination between the amide and nitrate.3 Acetyl nitrate is typically generated from HNO3 and acetic anhydride‚ however it is suspected acetic acid with HNO3 caused its formation.3 Large excess of acetic acid was used to dissolve the acetanilide as it was challenging to dissolve in glacial and 10% acetic acid. In future experiments‚ I recommend refluxing to better dissolve the reagent in a
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J Polym Environ (2007) 15:25–33 DOI 10.1007/s10924-006-0042-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review Xue Li Æ Lope G. Tabil Æ Satyanarayan Panigrahi Published online: 4 January 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media‚ LLC 2006 Abstract Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have
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Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Ma. Marielle M. Medura Prof. Emma Boncales Chem 23A (TTH 01:00-4:00 p.m) Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives I. Introduction Carboxylic acids is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic group(-COOH). Its general formula is R-C=OOH with R referring to the rest of the molecule such as H and C. They are directly attached to a carbonyl group and the interaction between them affects the reactions of each. The polarity of the O-H bond
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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solution was filtered through a gravity filtration system‚ leaving dark residue behind on the filter paper‚ and colorless to slightly pink liquid in the beaker. Then‚ 9 mL of sodium acetate buffer‚ to maintain a relatively constant pH and 1.8 mL of acetic anhydride were added to the solution‚ and then it was mixed and heated for about 5 minutes. Then‚ to induce crystallization‚ the beaker was placed in an ice bath. The slightly white‚ powdery crystals were collected using the Buchner funnel‚ and allowed
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