CLASSIFICATION TESTS A. Acids There are relatively few suitable tests for carboxylic acids. Classification is based mostly upon solubility tests. If the compound is water soluble‚ test the aqueous solution of your compound with pH paper (also check the pH of the original water). If the compound is water-insoluble and it dissolves in 5% (1.5M) sodium hydroxide and 5% NaHCO3 solutions as performed in your solubility tests‚ it can be classified as a carboxylic acid. Establish an equivalence value
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Bioremediation Methods for Oil Spills Contents I. Introduction II. History of Bioremediation 1. ‘Courtship’ Period (Pre-1989) 2. ‘Honeymoon’ Period (1989-1991) 3. ‘Establishment’ Period (since 1992) III. The Biological and Chemical Processes of Bioremediation 1. Biodegradation a. Biological Process b. Degrading Species c. Chemical Process d. Need for Bioremediation 2. Bioremediation a. Seeding with Microbial Cultures b. Environmental Modification
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series 10.3 (a) Extraction of metals 10.3 (b) Uses of metals 10 Air and water 11 Sulphur 12 Carbonates 13 Organic chemistry 14.4 Names of compounds 14.5 Fuels 14.6 Homologous series 14.7 Alkanes 14.8 Alkenes 14.9 Alcohols 14.10 Acids 14.11 Macromolecules 14.8 (a) Synthetic polymers 14.8 (b) Natural molecules -stuff in blue is not on the syllabus but it might help you to understand to know those things. -the section
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Syllabus for GPAT - 2013 PHARMACEUTICS Introduction to Physical pharmacy Matter‚ Properties of Matter: State of matter‚ change in the state of matter‚ latent heats and vapor pressure‚ sublimationcritical point‚ Eutectic mixtures‚ gases‚ aerosols-inhalers‚ relative humidity‚ liquid. Complexes‚ liquid crystals‚ glassy state‚ solids- crystalline‚ amorphous and polymorphism. Micromeretics and Powder Rheology: Particle size and distribution‚ average particle size‚ number and weight distribution‚ particle
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Chemistry 1 Revision Booklet Unit Chemistry 1 Syllabus At the beginning of each sub-section‚ activities are stated which develop candidates. skills‚ knowledge and understanding of how science works. Details are then given of the substantive contexts in which these skills‚ knowledge and understanding should be set. It is expected that‚ where appropriate‚ teachers will adopt a practical approach‚ enabling candidates to develop skills in addition to procedural knowledge and understanding. Note that
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Electron Spin Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry BCH3015 • Electron spin is quantized. • The spin quantum number ms has only two allowed values: ms = +½ or –½ • The two directions of spin create oppositely spin create oppositely directed magnetic fields. fields. 61 Proton Spin Organic Chemistry BCH3015 62 Nuclear Spin States • A proton (the nucleus of a 1H atom) also possesses spin. For each nucleus having the spin quantum number
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plaster. However this process does not prevent carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere which is the main gaseous product from combusting coal or any hydrocarbon fuel. Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons consisting mainly of alkanes. The simplest alkane is methane ( CH4) used as fuel in homes for cooking and heating. Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting only of hydrogen and carbon atoms. In crude oil’s raw form it is a thick tarry substance so it needs to be processed to separate it
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H B621/02 GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION GATEWAY SCIENCE SCIENCE B UNIT 1: Modules B1 C1 P1 (Higher Tier) TUESDAY 15 JANUARY 2008 Afternoon Time: 1 hour *CUP/T45720* Candidates answer on the question paper. Additional materials (enclosed): None Calculators may be used. Additional materials: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • • • • Write your name in capital letters‚ your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above. Use blue or black ink. Pencil may
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Student Number Mark / 100 2011 TRIAL HSC EXAMINATION Chemistry General Instructions • • • • • • • Reading time – 5 minutes Working time – 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil Board-approved calculators may be used A data sheet and a Periodic Table are provided. Write your Student Number at the top of this page and those of pages 10 and 11. Total Marks – 100 Section I Pages 2 – 24 Confidential Keep Secure 75 marks This section has two parts‚ Part
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bromide with the carbonyl compound. However‚ before any of this could be done‚ the refluxing apparatus for the Grignard reaction was to be flame dried until no moisture remained inside because any water would cause the reagent to decompose and an alkane to form. The reaction would subsequently fail. Drierite was placed inside a plastic drying tube as a drying agent‚ absorbing all the moisture from the solvents that would later be refluxing in the apparatus and coming out into the atmosphere. After
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