RESULTS: Solution | pH Value | Aniline | 7 | Benzyl aniline | 12 | Diethylamine | 10 | Table 1: Basicity of Amines Solution | Odor of Solution | Aniline added with chloroform and alcoholic KOH | Unpleasant smell | Table 2: Carbylamine Test (odor of solution) Solution | Observations | Aniline added with concentrated H2SO4 | -Salt formation upon addition of sulfuric acid- Gelatinous‚ pale yellow solution | Table 3: Salt Formation Solution: | Residue Formation: | pH level:
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(which has no protein present) from the original absorbance the absorbance of the protein at each concentration will remain. Question 7: The Lowry method relies on two different reactions. The first is the formation of a copper ion complex with amide bonds‚ forming reduced copper in alkaline solutions. This is called a "Biuret" chromophore. The second is the reduction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate) by tyrosine and tryptophan residues. The reduced Folin-Ciocalteu
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Bonding Esters contain a carbonyl centre‚ which gives rise to 120°C-C-O and O-C-O angles. Unlike amides‚ esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C-O-C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. The pKa of the alpha-hydrogen on esters is around 25. Physical properties and characterization
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RELATIVE RATES OF ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION Juris Marie G. Garcia Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City Date Performed: February 27‚ 2015 Date Submitted: March 13‚ 2015 Answers to Questions: 1.) Arrangement of Reactivity: (fastest to slowest) - Phenol‚ Nitrophenol‚ Acetanilide‚ Benzene‚ Chlorobenzene‚ Aniline - A reaction has occurred if there’s a change in color. The nature of the substituent‚ whether electron-donating to the ring or electron-withdrawing
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analgesic drug components‚ the relative strength of their polarities can be determined. For example‚ if a compound contains carboxylic acid‚ alcohol or amine functional groups‚ it should be very polar. If a compound contains ketone‚ aldehyde‚ ester‚ amide‚ or ether functional groups‚ it should be polar. Lastly‚ if a compound
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Introduction Aim The main aim of this experiment is to make fatty ethanolamine‚ which is lauric ethanolamine from 2-aminoethanol and lauric acid. The reactions that take place is observed and the percentage yield and melting point is recorded. In this report the procedures used and how the procedures work are explained systematically. Risk and hazards of the experiment were analyzed and are shown below. It was quite important as it ensured that the experiment was safe to carry out. The results
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The objective of this experiment was to synthesize indigo and azo dyes and use them to observe their effectiveness in dying natural fabrics. The results of the experiment are summarized below. Weights Starting materials: • Aniline-3-sulfonic acid: 0.493 g • Salicylic Acid: 0.398 g Azo Dye: 0.515 g % Yield: (actual/theoretical) x 100 • Actual 0.515 g • Theoretical: o Aniline-3-sulfonic acid: (0.493 g/173.19g/mol) = 0.00285 mol o Salicylic acid: (0.398 g/152.15 g/mol) = 0.00262 mol o Limiting Reagent:
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anhydride (C4H6O3) Acetanilide (C8H9NO) + acetic acid (C2H4O2) Results and Discussion: Amines can be treated (Acylated‚ adding a Carbonyl and losing a proton) using Acetic Anhydride as a source of an “Acyl” group to form an Amide. The Synthesis of Acetanilide (an Amide) through a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (addition / elimination) reaction between Aniline (an Amine) is acting as the Nucleophile and an Acyl group from Acetic Anhydride acting as the Electrophile. The Mechanism: The desired
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2.3 Amorphous forms‚ solid dispersions and cocrystals. Stable crystal forms of drugs pose problem in solubilization due to higher lattice energy. So‚ in regards to solubility‚ disordered amorphous forms provide distinct advantage over crystal forms. Hence‚ changing the solid state characteristics of pharmaceutical API renders the molecule more water soluble. But‚ excess of enthalpy‚ entropy and free energy of amorphous forms make them prone to crystallization leading to the formation of stable crystals43
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polar due to the fact that it stayed closer to the stationary phase. Caffeine contains four amine groups that are extremely polar as a result of the hydrogen bond and amide functional group. Acetaminophen was found to be the second most polar analgesic drug tested. Acetaminophen contains a polar alcohol group on one side and amide group on the other but also includes non-polar functional groups that consisted of the benzene ring and methyl group. Acetylsalicylic acid low polarity results from only
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