different substances. Crude oil is also a naturally occurring hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures‚ like rings and straight and branched chains. Petroleum contains many alkanes and alkenes and has several impurities when removed from underneath the earth. Refining petroleum entails both the removal of these impurities and also the separation of petroleum into its various components. The specific method for this separation
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represented by 5Br—(aq) + BrO3—(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l) The progress of the reaction may be followed by adding a fixed amount of phenol together with some methyl red indicator. The bromine produced during the reaction reacts very rapidly with phenol. Once all the phenol is consumed‚ any further bromine bleaches the indicator immediately. So‚ the time for the reaction to proceed to a given point may be determined. Requirements: Apparatus: Beaker Burettes Boiling tubes Stop-watch
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Objective: The purpose of this lab was to use transfer hydrogenation to saturate glycerol trioleate (the main fat in olive oil) to produce glycerol tristearate. Reaction Equations: Theoretical Yield: There was no Theoretical yield in this experiment Procedure: Fill a 50 mL beaker with 30 mL of water and place it on the hot plate. Add 14 drops of olive oil to a 10 mL round bottom flask and then add 1 mL of cyclohexene. Add .05 grams of 10% palladium-on-carbon to the round bottom flask
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com bilal.kaafarani@aub.edu.lb Office: 416 Chemistry O.H.: 2:00-3:20 PM‚ MW Chem 211 B. R. Kaafarani 1 Lectures Chapter 1 2 3 7 4&8 5 6 9 10 11 12 Chem 211 Material covered Structure Determines Properties Alkanes & Cycloalkanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons Alkanes & Cycloalkanes: Conformations and cistrans Stereoisomers Stereochemistry Alcohols & Alkyl Halides. Nucleophilic Substitution Structure & Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions Reactions of Alkenes: Addition reactions
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Alanine (ala‚ A) (neutral‚ non-polar) Arginine (arg‚ R) (basic‚ polar) Asparagine (asn‚ N) (neutral‚ polar) Aspartic Acid (asp‚ D) (acidic‚ polar) Cysteine (cys‚ C) (neutral‚ slightly polar) Glutamic Acid (glu‚ E) (acidic‚ polar) Glutamine (gln‚ Q) (neutral‚ polar) Glycine (gly‚ G) (neutral‚ non-polar) Histidine (his‚ H) (basic‚ polar) Isoleucine (ile‚ I) (neutral‚ non-polar) Leucine (leu‚ L) (neutral‚ non-polar) Lysine (lys‚ K) (basic‚ polar) Methionine (met‚
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Note the appearance of the flame. 2) Shake 1cm3 (1 teat pipette full) of bromine water with 3 or 4 drops of cyclohexene in a test tube. Observe what happens. 3) Add 2 or 3 drops of potassium manganate (VII) solution to 2cm3 of bench sulphuric acid in a clean test tube. Add 3 or 4 drops of cyclohexene and shake. Observe what
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reaction. In order to separate the cyclohexene product from the cyclohexanol starting component‚ previously learned lab techniques such as extractions and simple distillation were used. The formation of the product was verified by performing a Bromine test as well as an analysis using IR Spectroscopy. A percent yield of 8.33% was obtained. Introduction: In an elimination reaction‚ two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. There is a removal of a leaving
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Lesson 08.01: Half-life and Radioactive Decay · Distinguish between nuclear and chemical reactions. · Compare and contrast different types of nuclear decay and the properties of the three types of radiation (alpha‚ beta‚ and gamma) discussed in the lesson. · Be able to predict the isotope or radiation produced by a nuclear decay reaction when the other product is given. · Describe and make predictions regarding half-life‚ including using a graph or set of data to determine the half-life of
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a net dipole. 6 Structure and Properties of Alcohols •Alcohols have an H atom bonded to an O atom‚ making them capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. •All of these properties give alcohols much stronger intermolecular forces than alkanes and alkenes. 7 Structure and Properties of Alcohols •Therefore‚ alcohols have higher boiling and melting points than hydrocarbons of comparable size and shape. stronger intermolecular forces higher boiling and melting point 8 Structure
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Relative Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Introduction Nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides can proceed by two different mechanisms – the SN2 and the SN1. The purpose of the experiment was to identify the effects that the alkyl group and the halide-leaving group have on the rates of SN1 reactions‚ and the effect that the solvent has on the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions. The SN1 mechanism is a two-step nucleophilic substitution‚ or unimolecular displacement. In the first step of the mechanism
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