UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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substrate continues via an SN2 mechanism. Introduction Halogenoalkanes‚ also known as haloalkanes or alkyl halides‚ are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms‚ fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine or iodine. In carbon-halogen bond‚ halogens have significantly greater electronegativities than carbon except iodine. In result‚ this group is polarized so that the carbon is electrophilic and the halogen is nucleophilic. Halogenoalkanes can be classified
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What is hairspray made of? Hairspray is a solution of long‚ chainlike molecules (called polymers) in a very volatile solvent. Spraying deposits a stiff layer of the polymer on your hair after the solvent evaporates. The solvent used was once a compound of carbon‚ fluorine‚ and chlorine (a chlorofluorocarbon‚ or CFC). CFCs are nontoxic‚ nonflammable‚ and make almost ideal aerosol propellants. But when it was learned that they causedestruction of stratospheric ozone‚ they were replaced with other
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INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL SIMPRUG Chemistry Assessment Task Student name : Class : 10 A Due date : 30 August 2010 Teacher : Ms. Merliani “How do chemical elements effect the environment” (1.236 words) Atmospheric pollution Most of the people live within the major cities where the evidence of pollution in the atmosphere can almost be seen daily. Your Task You will need to write an essay (700-1200 words) or prepare a presentation using the following guidelines
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Compounds that deplete the Ozone and their sources Ozone can be destroyed by a number of free radical catalysts; the most important are chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which contains chlorine‚ fluorine and carbon and bromofluorocarbon or halon which contains bromine or iodine. CFCs are mainly used as refrigerants‚ and then in 1995 they were the base compound used in aerosol sprays. Aerosol inhalers for asthma suffer and fire extinguishers also contain CFCs. Bromofluorocarbon was used in fire fighting equipment
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PROJECT IN CHEM LAB. Submitted by: BHEA MARIE MENDOZA Submitted to: -CATIONS and ANIONS- Cations are positive charged ions. A cation has fewer electrons than protons. Anions are negatively charged ions. An anion has more electron than protons. The nature and magnitude of charge on ion depend on the position of an element in the periodic table. In forming an ion‚ an atom of a main group element loses gains electrons to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas
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Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to identify some commonly occurring anions & to study some of the reactions used for their identification. Materials: 1 Household Bleach‚ 2 mL 1 Distilled water 1 Toothpicks 2 Beaker‚ 50 mL‚ plastic 1 Cylinder-25-mL 1 Pencil‚ marking 1 Test Tube (5)‚ 13 x 100 mm in Bubble Bag 1 Well-Plate-24 1 Ammonium Molybdate‚ 0.2 M - 2 mL in Pipet 1 Aqueous Ammonia‚ 6 M‚ NH4OH - 4 mL in Pipet 1 Barium Chloride‚ 0.3 M - 2 mL in Pipet 1 Hydrochloric Acid‚ 6 M - 8 mL
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er June 2003 INTERNATIONAL GCSE MARKING SCHEME MAXIMUM MARK: 40 SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 0620/01 CHEMISTRY (Multiple Choice) Page 1 Mark Scheme IGCSE EXAMINATIONS – June 2003 Syllabus 0620 Question Number Key Question Number Key 1 2 3 4 5 C B A D A 21 22 23 24 25 B D A B D 6 7 8 9 10 C A A B C 26 27 28 29 30 B D D D B 11 12 13 14 15 B D C D
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EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM ONIONS ABSTRACT The purpose of the experiment was to experience firsthand the isolation of DNA form a plant tissue without destroying its structure and sequence. A white onion was used for the experiment. After several processes‚ DNA isolate was the visible result. Different chemical tests were performed on the DNA isolate‚ namely: Dische Test‚ Murexide Test‚ Wheeler-Johnson test and Test for Phosphate. Visible results were then noted. INTRODUCTION DNA (deoxyribonucleic
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Chemistry All about matter There are three different stages of matter: Solid‚ Liquid and Gas Solid (s): Have a certain volume and shape. “Particles” are arranged in a specific crystalline patter and they only vibrate around fixed positions. Liquid (l): Have a fixed volume‚ but not shape. The particles have some freedom and can move around each other. They collide often. Gas (g): Doesn’t have a fix volume or shape. (Takes up the space where it is) Particles move freely in all space available
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