Coco Methyl Ester (CME)/ Biodiesel You may be perhaps heard several rumors regarding Coco methyl ester (CME) or also recognized as Biodiesel. Biodiesel is a substance that can boost and make your automobile run better. This substance comes from coconut oil and goes through into a procedure called as esterification. It is not come from a typical crude oil‚ which is normally being imported from different oil-producing nations. After extorting the coconut oil from copra or dried coconut meat
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Introduction Isopentyl acetate is yielded by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The product is isopentyl acetate also known as banana oil. Banana oil is an ester. Esters can be found in fruits and flowers’ scents. When water is added to an ester‚ the process can be reversed and a carboxylic acid can be formed. In order for a substance to be boiling for a long period of time‚ a reflux apparatus should be used in order for liquid not to be loss. As
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Raisio‚ a Finnish grain and chemical company‚ is the proud owner of a product that has been deemed one of the ten most important nutritional innovations in the world (“Benecol®‚” 2010). This product is a unique compound composed of plant stanol esters and has been scientifically proven to help lower cholesterol levels in humans. With the prevalence of high cholesterol in the world population and the incidence of mortality associated with a high cholesterol level‚ it is no wonder that Raisio had
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1995 had attracted the interest of food processors and supermarket groups throughout the world and fueled a surge of investor interest . Demand for the product had outstripped Raisio’s capability to produce the active ingredient in Benecol ‚ stanol ester . On the Helsinki stock market ‚ foreign demand pushed Raisio’s share price from FIM61 at the beginning of the year to FIM 288 at the end (after touching FIM322 during the summer ). CEO Matti salminen commented : 1996 will go down in the Raisio
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Preparation u Alcohols when heated in presence of H2SO4‚ H3PO4‚ P2O5‚ Al2O3 or BF3 undergo loss of water molecule with the formation of alkene. Conc. H2SO4 180oC H3PO4/P2O5 200oC Al2O3/BF3 350oC CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O u u Mechanism: In the first step OH group of the alcohol is protonated in a fast reversible reaction. Unlike OH group‚ protonated OH group is a good leaving group. Step 1: CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H+ HO CH3 CH3-C-CH3 H2O+
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composition. Theory Esters are a chemical functional group that usually forms by loosing a hydroxyl group and having it replaced with an alkoxy group with the loss of hydrogen. Esters are most commonly produced by taking a carboxylic acid‚ and reacting it with an alcohol with a acid catalyst in a process known as Fischer esterfication. Esters can be used in many ways including perfumes and artificial flavorings‚ and can be used alone or in a cocktail of different esters working together. Isopentyl
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with an alkyl group‚ it becomes an ester group. “The reaction typically gives 60-70% of the maximum yield” (Staudt‚ 80). The reaction of an ester could also be reversible to make carboxylic acid and alcohol; this process is called hydrolysis. But when‚ “the base-promoted decomposition of esters yield an alcohol and a salt of the carboxylic acids; this process is called saponification”; In other words‚ it is the process of making soap (Staudt 80). Moreover‚ Esters are liquid at room temperature no
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TO HAVE GREAT PERCENT YIELD: As reaction is reversible‚ removal of water or the addition of an excess of one of the reactants (cheaper one) drives the reaction towards formation of ester. (Excess carboxylic acid is used) Adding excess carboxylic acid is preferred as it is easier to separate carboxylic acid and ester compared to removing water solvent used is (ClCH2CH2Cl)‚ as water is insoluble in the solvent‚ so reverse reaction will not take place using concentrated acid as catalyst rather
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George in the storyline is a man who works a very physically demanding job digging canals in Panama. He one day decides to write a letter to Ester‚ the unmarried woman who works with fabrics‚ and he immediately takes a liking to her. They exchange letters for about six months and then it happens- George sends her a letter proclaiming his love and asks Ester to be his wife. She replies and says she would love to; he comes a few weeks later for the wedding. Off the bat when they met‚ it seems to
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Preparation of Fruit Flavors (Pear) Abstract. In this experiment an assigned Ester is prepared‚ particularly n-Propanol. The Preparation was done via Fischer reaction. In this reaction‚ a reflux set-up is required. The reflux set-up was used in the liquid-liquid extraction. After adding an immiscible solution to the compound containing n-Propanol‚ the mixture now will have two layer: the Organic and Aqueous layer. The organic layer is the extract needed and its % yield is computed resulting to
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